Achromobacter sp. Strain BUKˍBCHˍTQ1: A Potential Paraquat-Degrading Bacterium Isolated from Pesticide Contaminated Agricultural Soil

Abstract

Paraquat (1, 1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium dichloride) is one of the most frequently used herbicide in agriculture. It is a cationic non-systematic, non-selective contact compound that instantaneously interferes with the photosynthetic processes of plants. It has an immediate effect, once the compound comes into contact with the plants’ leaves, where the reaction occurs. However, the contamination of paraquat residue in soil can harm soil microbes, flora and fauna, farmer health and also soil ecology, which affects the soil fertility. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize bacteria with the ability to break down and utilize paraquat as the primary carbon source. The isolation process involved the enrichment of mineral salt media (MSM) using serial dilution. The isolated bacterium underwent morphological, biochemical, and molecular identification following characterization. Results showed the isolate was identified as Achromobacter sp. with the accession number OQ372943 based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis. The growth and degradation of paraquat by this isolate were optimum at a pH of 6.5, 276 mgL-1 of the substrate (paraquat), temperature of 35 °C, 200 µL of biomass size, and 48 h of incubation. The degradation efficiency of the isolate after 120 hours of incubation under optimal conditions was 91.01%. Hence, these results demonstrated a very high efficiency of paraquat degradation. Consequently, this isolate holds significant promise for paraquat degradation and could serve as a viable contender for remediating paraquat-contaminated environments.