ON A NESSECITY OF A CREATION OF A UNITED TECHNICAL POLICY IN THE AREA OF A FIRE SAFETY ENSURING OF A TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS GOODS ON RUSSIAN RAILWAYS

Abstract

Introduction. The work is devoted to the results of many years of research to ensure the fire and explosion safety of tanks for liquefied petroleum gases, conducted by the Moscow state University of Railways (MIIT), together with other organizations.Methods. On the basis of statistical data, the main scenarios of emergency situations were determined.Experimental and theoretical studies of the behavior of tanks under emergency conditions associated with dynamic and thermal effects were carried out. Numerous experiments were carried out both on full-scale samples and on models using the theory of similarity. The results of the ex¬periments are used both for verification of theoretical models and for specification of parameters of the calculation schemes.The mathematical models developed in the framework of theoretical research were implemented in the form of a package of computer programs and used later to select the parameters of the means of protection.Results. In terms of protection against thermal effects, the following were proposed: safety valves, fire-retardant coatings, upgraded versions of control, drain and safety valves using design solutions adopted in nuclear engineering. In particular, the use of fire-resistant coatings SGKprovides an increase of 2.5-3.5 times the time of the accident-free stay of the tank in the fire.A new layout of the drain-filling pipes is recommended, which significantly reduces the proba¬bility of breakage of the elements of the drain-filling fittings. The design of safety arcs and nodes for connection of arc elements with the shell is proposed.Conclusion. On the basis of the whole complex of the conducted researches the family of tanks for the transportation of liquefied hydrocarbon gases was developed, the production of which was carried out at the enterprises of Russia, Ukraine, Japan, Poland.However, there is a problem of contradictions in the regulatory documentation on the issues of fire and explosion safety of tanks, which requires the formation of a unified technical policy in this area.