Modeling the frequency response of an acoustic cavity using the method of images

Author:

Rice Frank1ORCID,Riedel Teresa2ORCID,Curtis Isaiah3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. California Institute of Technology , 103-33, Pasadena, California 91125

2. Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation , Boulder, Colorado 80301

3. California Institute of Technology , MSC 230, Pasadena, California 91126

Abstract

We demonstrate the ability of a simple algorithm based on the venerable method of images (MOIs), to accurately model the detailed frequency response of a multidimensional, rectangular, lossy resonant cavity. The convergence properties of the model's infinite series solution are shown to be determined by the cavity's quality factor Q. A 1D example demonstrates that the MOI series converges to the exact solution. Next, a comparison to precisely measure 2D cavity data confirms that a straightforward extension of the 1D algorithm to multiple dimensions provides accurate results. The algorithm is short, easily understandable by undergraduate students and relatively undemanding to code. An example using ®mathematica is provided.

Publisher

American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT)

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy

Reference19 articles.

1. The standard deviation of the observed peak frequencies away from the least-squares fit to ω(k)=vϕ k was only 2.1 Hz for frequencies below 3.5 kHz. The phase velocity vϕ of sound was determined from the fit to be 344.79 ± 0.24 m/s in excellent agreement with that calculated using an ideal gas expression for dry air at the measured lab temperature of 22.4 C: 344.72 m/s. See, for example, the HyperPhysics Concepts website of Georgia State University, Speed of Sound: <http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Sound/souspe3.html>.

2. Wikipedia describes several of these methods, e.g., <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_element_method>, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_moments_(electromagnetics)_>.

3. In general, the method of images (MOI) enjoys a long history in the computer-aided engineering analysis of room and structural acoustics. Pioneered in a now-classic paper by Allen and Berkley (Ref. 15), it used image sources to estimate the time-domain, reverberation response of a room to a short sound impulse. The resulting reverberation time envelope characterizes the suitability of a space as, for example, a lecture hall or recording studio, a diagnostic introduced in 1895 by W. C. Sabine (Ref. 16). The method does not, however, employ coherent superposition of waves from the source and its reflections, and it is, therefore, unsuitable for frequency response calculations of a cavity whose dimensions are of the order of a wavelength, as in our case. The use of MOI-based calculations of a space's acoustic reverberation response has become a standard of the industry. The Wayverb website, Ref. 17, includes a summary of current techniques employed by several popular acoustic engineering tools: <https://reuk.github.io/wayverb/context.html#existing-software>. All of these tools, however, are inappropriate for the task at hand.

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