1. 1) A. J. Underwood and P. G. Fairweather: Supply-side ecology and benthic marine assemblages. Trend. Ecol. Evol., 4, 16-20 (1989).
2. 2) S. J. Hall: Physical disturbance and marine benthic communities: life in unconsolidated sediments. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 32, 179-239 (1994).
3. 3) E. B. Olafsson, C. B. Peterson, and G. A. Ambrose: Does recruitment limitation structure populations and communities of macro-in-vertebrates in marine soft sediments: the relative significance of pre- and post-settlement processes. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 32, 65-109 (1994).
4. 4) A. Sakai and H. Sekiguchi: Identification of planktonic late-stage larvae and settled bivalves in a tidal flat. Bull. Japan. Soc. Fish. Oceanogr., 56, 410-425 (1992) (in Japanese).
5. 5) J. Roughgarden, S. Gaines, and H. Possingham: Recruitment dynamics in complex life cycles. Science, 241, 1460-1466 (1988).