Lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma in patients younger than 50 years: a multicentre international clinical–dermoscopic study

Abstract

Abstract Background Lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma (LM/LMM) is usually diagnosed in older patients, when lesions are larger. However, it is important to detect it at an earlier stage to minimize the area for surgical procedure. Objectives To determine and define clinical, dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) features of LM/LMM in patients < 50 years old. Methods This was a multicentre study involving tertiary referral centres for skin cancer management. The study included cases of consecutively excised LM/LMM arising in patients < 50 years of age with a histopathological diagnosis of LM/LMM and a complete set of clinical and dermoscopic images; RCM images were considered when present. Results In total, 85 LM/LMM of the face from 85 patients < 50 years were included in the study. A regression model showed a direct association with the size of the lesion (R2 = 0.08; P = 0.01) and with the number of dermoscopic features at diagnosis (R2 = 0.12; P < 0.01). In a multivariable analysis, an increasing number of dermoscopic features correlated with increased patient age (P < 0.01), while the presence of grey colour was a predictor of younger age at diagnosis (P = 0.03). RCM revealed the presence of melanoma diagnostic features in all cases (pagetoid cells and atypical nesting). Conclusions LM is not a disease limited to older people as previously thought. LM presenting in young adults tends to be smaller and with fewer dermoscopic features, making its diagnosis challenging. Careful evaluation of facial pigmented lesions prior to cosmetic procedures is imperative to avoid incorrectly treating early LM as a benign lesion.