Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Versus Influenza in Hospitalized Adult Patients in the United States: Differences in Demographic and Severity Indicators
Author:
Talbot H Keipp1, Martin Emily T2, Gaglani Manjusha34, Middleton Donald B5, Ghamande Shekhar34, Silveira Fernanda P5, Murthy Kempapura3, Zimmerman Richard K5, Trabue Christopher H6, Olson Samantha M7ORCID, Petrie Joshua G2, Ferdinands Jill M7, Patel Manish M7, Monto Arnold S2, Smith Emily, Bounds Kelsey, Calhoun Nicole, Smith Michael, Hawrylak Andrew, Ladogana Michael, Fernandez Joseph, Elieson Marc, Morrison James, Midturi John, McNeal Tresa, Arroliga Alejandro, Nowalk Mary Patricia, Balasubramani G K, Eng Heather, Dauer Klancie, Wyatt Dayna, Zhu Yuwei, Liu Zhouwen, Longmire Stephanie, Graves Kellie, Sedillo Emily, Simion Alina, Speer Karen, Alicie Bethany, Krantz Briana, Carillo Donna, Adams Laura, Drennan Amelia, Orga Jan, Peterson Lynn, Halasa Natasha, McHenry Rendi, Pulido Claudia Guevara, Lamerato Lois E, Malani Anurag, Lauring Adam, Malosh Ryan E,
Affiliation:
1. Department of Medicine and Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA 2. Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 3. Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA 4. Department of Medical Education at Texas A&M University COM, Texas, USA 5. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 6. Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Saint Thomas Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA 7. Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently compared with influenza. The Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN) conducts studies on the etiology and characteristics of U.S. hospitalized adults with influenza. It began enrolling patients with COVID-19 hospitalizations in March 2020. Patients with influenza were compared with those with COVID-19 in the first months of the U.S. epidemic.
Methods
Adults aged ≥ 18 years admitted to hospitals in 4 sites with acute respiratory illness were tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing COVID-19. Demographic and illness characteristics were collected for influenza illnesses during 3 seasons 2016–2019. Similar data were collected on COVID-19 cases admitted before June 19, 2020.
Results
Age groups hospitalized with COVID-19 (n = 914) were similar to those admitted with influenza (n = 1937); 80% of patients with influenza and 75% of patients with COVID-19 were aged ≥50 years. Deaths from COVID-19 that occurred in younger patients were less often related to underlying conditions. White non-Hispanic persons were overrepresented in influenza (64%) compared with COVID-19 hospitalizations (37%). Greater severity and complications occurred with COVID-19 including more ICU admissions (AOR = 15.3 [95% CI: 11.6, 20.3]), ventilator use (AOR = 15.6 [95% CI: 10.7, 22.8]), 7 additional days of hospital stay in those discharged alive, and death during hospitalization (AOR = 19.8 [95% CI: 12.0, 32.7]).
Conclusions
While COVID-19 can cause a respiratory illness like influenza, it is associated with significantly greater severity of illness, longer hospital stays, and higher in-hospital deaths.
Funder
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institutes of Health Clinical and Translational Science Award
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical)
Cited by
15 articles.
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