Affiliation:
1. Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry , Alexandria 21521, Egypt
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Nutraceuticals (NTCs), as honey and tablets with herbal extract are subjected to adulteration.
Objective
For NTCs claimed to enhance sexual performance, synthetic drugs (sildenafil, tadalafil, avanafil, vardenafil, and dapoxetine) are common adulterants, so they were selected to be simultaneously analyzed in the current study. Natural aphrodisiacs (icariin and yohimbine) are claimed to be present in many fake NTCs, so they were also included in the study.
Methods
In order to achieve the target of the current study, three liquid chromatographic methods with different unique detectors were developed and validated.
Results
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection enables rapid and reliable determination of natively fluorescent yohimbine, tadalafil vardenafil, and dapoxetine and it is the first report to analyze these compounds as adulterants in counterfeit NTC. Although the diode-array detector (DAD) enables the analysis of the seven adulterants, the fluorescence detector (FLD) shows better sensitivity and selectivity with lower LOQs and LODs. On the other hand, ultra-fast liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UFLC–MS) offers the advantages of peak identity confirmation, and it is of comparable sensitivity and selectivity to HPLC–FLD.
Conclusion
One or more of these synthetic drugs were found in the analyzed NTCs while natural aphrodisiacs were absent.
Highlights
Aphrodisiac nutraceuticals, NTCs, were analyzed for adulterants: five aphrodisiac synthetic drugs (adulterants) and two natural claimed aphrodisiacs. UFLC–MS and HPLC–DAD/FLD were compared for illicit NTCs analysis; all NTCs show the presence of synthetic aphrodisiacs and the absence of natural ones.
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Pharmacology,Agronomy and Crop Science,Environmental Chemistry,Food Science,Analytical Chemistry
Cited by
3 articles.
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