Multivariate Analysis and Response Surface Modeling to Green Analytical Chemistry–Based RP-HPLC-PDA Method for Chromatographic Analysis of Vildagliptin and Remogliflozin Etabonate

Abstract

Abstract Background The fixed-dose combination (FDC) of vildagliptin (VDG) and remogliflozin etabonate (RGE) is used as antidiabetic medicine. Numerous reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) methods have been reported for the estimation of VDG and RGE using toxic organic solvents such as acetonitrile and methanol. These organic solvents are also hazardous to the environment. Objective Hence, the robust and green analytical chemistry–based RP-HPLC-PDA method has been developed for chromatographic analysis of VDG and RGE for the safety of analysts and protection of the environment. Method The multivariate analysis has been carried out for the identification of critical method risk parameters (CMRPs) and critical method performance attributes (CMPAs) using principal component analysis (PCA). The identified CMRPs and CMPAs were linked with each other for optimization of the RP-HPLC-PDA method using DoE-based response surface modeling. The analytical design space (ADS) has been explored for robust chromatographic analysis of VDG and RGE. Results The chromatographic analysis of VDG and RGE has been carried out using Shim-Pack C18 column (250 mm L, 4.6 mm ID, 5.0 µm PS) and isopropyl alcohol–0.1% (v/v) formic acid (FA) in water (45 + 55, v/v, pH −3.5). The developed method has been validated in accordance with ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The method has been applied for the assay of VDG and RGE in their FDCs. The results of the assay were found in compliance with the labeled claims. Conclusions The developed RP-HPLC-PDA method did not include any toxic or carcinogenic solvents. Hence, it is safe for analysts and the environment. The greenness profiles of the published and proposed RP-HPLC methods were evaluated by the national environmental method index (NEMI) scale, and the analytical greenness scores were calculated using the AGREE software. The developed method can be used as an eco-friendly tool in the pharmaceutical industry for routine analysis and quality control of FDCs of VDG and RGE. Highlights Development of a green and robust RP-HPLC method for the estimation of VDG and RGE using safe organic solvents. The analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach has been implemented in the development of a method to minimize solvent wastage. The method was applied for the assay of FDCs of VDG and RGE.