Development of Green and High-Throughput Microwell Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Galidesivir in Bulk Drug and Dosage Forms Based on Simple Oxidimetric Reactions With Inorganic Agents

Abstract

Abstract Background Galidesivir hydrochloride (GDV) is a new potent and safe antiviral drug used for the treatment of a broad spectrum of viral diseases, including COVID-19. In the literature, no analytical method exists for the determination of GDV in bulk or dosage form. Objective The objective of this study was the investigation of oxidation reactions of GDV with five inorganic oxidizing reagents and the employment of the reactions in the development of five green microwell spectrophotometric methods (MW-SPMs) with simple procedure and high throughputs for determination of GDV in its bulk and dosage forms (capsules). Methods The reactions were carried out in 96-well plates, and the absorbances of reaction solutions were measured by an absorbance microplate reader. Variables influencing the reactions were carefully investigated and optimized. Results Under the refined optimum conditions, Beer’s law with excellent correlation coefficients (0.9992–0.9997) was followed in GDV concentrations in a general range of 5–700 µg/mL, and the limits of detection were ≥1.8 µg/mL. All validation parameters of all methods were acceptable. The methods were successfully applied to the analysis of GDV in bulk drug and capsules with high accuracy and precision; the recovery percentages were 98.6–101.2 ± 0.58–1.14%. The greenness of MW-SPMs was evaluated by three comprehensive metric tools, which demonstrated the adherence of MW-SPMs to the principles of the green analytical chemistry (GAC) approach. Conclusions The proposed MW-SPMs combined the advantages of microwell-based practice and the use of common laboratory reagents for the analysis. The advantages of microwell analysis were the high throughput, readily available for semi-automation, reduced samples/reagents volume, precise measurements, and versatility. The advantages of using common laboratory reagents were the availability, consistency, compatibility, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Highlights Overall, the proposed MW-SPMs are versatile, valuable tools for the quantitation of GDV during its pharmaceutical manufacturing.