Diet and food type affect urinary pesticide residue excretion profiles in healthy individuals: results of a randomized controlled dietary intervention trial

Author:

Rempelos Leonidas1ORCID,Wang Juan123,Barański Marcin14ORCID,Watson Anthony2,Volakakis Nikolaos5,Hoppe Hans-Wolfgang6,Kühn-Velten W Nikolaus6,Hadall Catherine7,Hasanaliyeva Gultakin1ORCID,Chatzidimitriou Eleni18,Magistrali Amelia1ORCID,Davis Hannah1,Vigar Vanessa910ORCID,Średnicka-Tober Dominika11ORCID,Rushton Steven12,Iversen Per Ole1314ORCID,Seal Chris J2ORCID,Leifert Carlo1014ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, NEFG, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

2. Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population and Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

3. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

4. Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

5. Geokomi plc, Sivas-Faistos, Crete, Greece

6. Medical Laboratory Bremen, Bremen, Germany

7. Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Royal Victory Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

8. French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, France (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France

9. NatMed, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia

10. Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia

11. Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

12. Modelling Evidence and Policy Group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

13. Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

14. Department of Nutrition, IMB, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Observational studies have linked pesticide exposure to various diseases, whereas organic food consumption has been associated with positive health outcomes. Organic farming standards prohibit the use of most pesticides, and organic food consumption may therefore reduce pesticide exposure. Objectives To determine the effects of diet (Western compared with Mediterranean) and food type (conventional compared with organic) and sex on urinary pesticide residue excretion (UPRE), as well as associations between specific diet components and UPRE. Methods In this 2-wk, randomized dietary intervention trial, healthy adults were randomly allocated to an intervention (n = 13) or conventional (n = 14) group. Whereas participants in the intervention group consumed a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) made entirely from organic foods, the conventional group consumed a MedDiet made entirely from conventional foods. Both groups consumed habitual Western diets made from conventional foods before and after the 2-wk intervention period. The primary outcome was UPRE. In addition, we assessed diet composition and pesticide residue profiles in foods eaten. Participants were aware of group assignment, but the study assessors were not. Results During the intervention period, total UPRE was 91% lower with organic (mean 17 μg/d; 95% CI: 15, 19) than with conventional (mean 180 μg/d; 95% CI: 153, 208) food consumption (P < 0.0001). In the conventional group, switching from the habitual Western diet to the MedDiet increased insecticide excretion from 7 to 25 μg/d (P < 0.0001), organophosphate excretion from 5 to 19 μg/d (P < 0.0001), and pyrethroid residue excretion from 2.0 to 4.5 μg/d (P < 0.0001). Small but significant effects of sex were detected for chlormequat, herbicide, and total pesticide residue excretion. Conclusions Changing from a habitual Western diet to a MedDiet was associated with increased insecticide, organophosphate, and pyrethroid exposure, whereas organic food consumption reduced exposure to all groups of synthetic chemical pesticides. This may explain the positive health outcomes linked to organic food consumption in observational studies. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03254537.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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