Elentári:a massive proto-supercluster at z ∼ 3.3 in the cosmos field

Author:

Forrest Ben12ORCID,Lemaux Brian C13ORCID,Shah Ekta1,Staab Priti1,McConachie Ian2,Cucciati Olga4ORCID,Gal Roy R5,Hung Denise5ORCID,Lubin Lori M1,Cassarà Letizia P6ORCID,Cassata Paolo78,Chang Wenjun2ORCID,Cooper M C9ORCID,Decarli Roberto4ORCID,Gomez Percy10,Gururajan Gayathri411,Hathi Nimish12ORCID,Kashino Daichi13,Marchesini Danilo14,Marsan Z Cemile15,McDonald Michael2,Muzzin Adam15,Shen Lu1617ORCID,Stawinski Stephanie Urbano9,Talia Margherita411ORCID,Vergani Daniela4,Wilson Gillian218,Zamorani Giovanni4

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis, CA 95616, USA

2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Riverside , 900 University Ave , Riverside, CA 92521, USA

3. Gemini Observatory, NSF’s NOIRLab , 670 N. A’ohoku Place , Hilo, HI 96720, USA

4. INAF Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy

5. University of Hawai’i, Institute for Astronomy , 2680 Woodlawn Drive , Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

6. INAF-IASF Milano , Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy

7. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy

8. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy

9. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine , 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 , USA

10. W.M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy , Kamuela, HI 96743, USA

11. Department of Physics and Astronomy ‘Augusto Righi’ (DIFA), University of Bologna , Via Gobetti 93/2, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

12. Space Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA

13. Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University , Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan

14. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University , 574 Boston Avenue , Medford, MA 02155, USA

15. Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University , 4700, Keele Street , Toronto, ON MJ3 1P3, Canada

16. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-4242 USA

17. George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-4242 USA

18. Department of Physics, University of California , 5200 North Lake Rd , Merced, CA 95343, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Motivated by spectroscopic confirmation of three overdense regions in the COSMOS field at z ∼ 3.35, we analyse the uniquely deep multiwavelength photometry and extensive spectroscopy available in the field to identify any further related structure. We construct a three-dimensional density map using the Voronoi tesselation Monte Carlo method and find additional regions of significant overdensity. Here, we present and examine a set of six overdense structures at 3.20 < z < 3.45 in the COSMOS field, the most well-characterized of which, PCl J0959 + 0235, has 80 spectroscopically confirmed members and an estimated mass of 1.35 × 1015 M⊙, and is modelled to virialize at z ∼ 1.5−2.0. These structures contain 10 overdense peaks with >5σ overdensity separated by up to 70 cMpc, suggestive of a proto-supercluster similar to the Hyperion system at z ∼ 2.45. Upcoming photometric surveys with JWST such as COSMOS-Web, and further spectroscopic follow-up will enable more extensive analysis of the evolutionary effects that such an environment may have on its component galaxies at these early times.

Funder

National Science Foundation

MIUR

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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