Palomar discovery and initial characterization of naked-eye long-period comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF)

Author:

Bolin B T123ORCID,Masci F J3,Duev D A4,Milburn J W5,Neill J D25,Purdum J N5,Avdellidou C67ORCID,Saki M89,Cheng Y-C1011,Delbo M6,Fremling C25,Ghosal M12ORCID,Lin Z-Y13,Lisse C M14,Mahabal A2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771 , USA

2. Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125 , USA

3. Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125 , USA

4. Weights & Biases , San Francisco, CA 94103 , USA

5. Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125 , USA

6. CNRS Lagrange, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur , Université Côte d'Azur, Nice 06304 , France

7. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester , Leicester LE1 7RH , United Kingdom

8. Department of Physics, Edmund C. Leach Science Center, Auburn University , Auburn, AL 36849 , USA

9. Department of Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy, & Statistics, University of Missouri , St Louis, MO 63121 , USA

10. Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei City 116325 , Taiwan

11. Center of Astronomy and Gravitation, National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei City 116325 , Taiwan

12. Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i , 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 , USA

13. Institute of Astronomy, National Central University , Taoyuan City 32001 , Taiwan

14. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory , 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 , USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Long-period comets are planetesimal remnants constraining the environment and volatiles of the protoplanetary disc. We report the discovery of hyperbolic long-period comet C/2022 E3 Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), which has a perihelion ∼1.11 au, an eccentricity ≳1 and an inclination ∼109°, from images taken with the Palomar 48-inch telescope during morning twilight on 2022 March 2. Additionally, we report the characterization of C/2022 E3 (ZTF) from observations taken with the Palomar 200-inch, the Palomar 60-inch, and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility in early 2023 February to 2023 March when the comet passed within ∼0.28 au of the Earth and reached a visible magnitude of ∼5. We measure g–r = 0.70 ± 0.01, r–i = 0.20 ± 0.01, i–z = 0.06 ± 0.01, z–J = 0.90 ± 0.01, J–H = 0.38 ± 0.01, and H–K = 0.15 ± 0.01 colours for the comet from observations. We measure the A(0°)fρ (0.8 μm) in a 6500 km radius from the nucleus of 1483 ± 40 cm, and CN, C3, and C2 production of 5.43 ± 0.11 × 1025, 2.01 ± 0.04 × 1024, and 3.08 ± 0.5 × 1025 mol s−1, similar to other long-period comets. We additionally observe the appearance of jet-like structures at a scale of ∼4000 km in wide-field g-band images, which may be caused by the presence of CN gas in the near-nucleus coma.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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