Zodiacal exoplanets in time – XI. The orbit and radiation environment of the young M dwarf-hosted planet K2-25b

Author:

Gaidos E1ORCID,Hirano T2,Wilson D J3ORCID,France K4,Rockcliffe K5,Newton E5,Feiden G6ORCID,Krishnamurthy V2ORCID,Harakawa H78,Hodapp K W9,Ishizuka M10,Jacobson S9,Konishi M11,Kotani T81213,Kudo T78,Kurokawa T814,Kuzuhara M812,Nishikawa J81213,Omiya M812,Serizawa T14,Tamura M81012,Ueda A12,Vievard S78

Affiliation:

1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

2. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan

3. McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA

4. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA

5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA

6. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA 30597, USA

7. Subaru Telescope, 650 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

8. Astrobiology Center, NINS, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

9. Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 640 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

10. Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

11. Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan

12. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, NINS, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

13. Department of Astronomy, School of Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

14. Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan

Abstract

ABSTRACT M dwarf stars are high-priority targets for searches for Earth-size and potentially Earth-like planets, but their planetary systems may form and evolve in very different circumstellar environments than those of solar-type stars. To explore the evolution of these systems, we obtained transit spectroscopy and photometry of the Neptune-size planet orbiting the ≈650-Myr-old Hyades M dwarf K2-25. An analysis of the variation in spectral line shape induced by the Doppler ‘shadow’ of the planet indicates that the planet’s orbit is closely aligned with the stellar equator ($\lambda =-1.7_{-3.7}^{+5.8}$ deg), and that an eccentric orbit found by previous work could arise from perturbations by another planet on a coplanar orbit. We detect no significant variation in the depth of the He i line at 1083 nm during transit. A model of atmospheric escape as an isothermal Parker wind with a solar composition shows that this non-detection is not constraining compared to escape rate predictions of ∼0.1 M⊕  Gyr−1; at such rates, at least several Gyr are required for a Neptune-like planet to evolve into a rocky super-Earth.

Funder

NASA

DFG

JSPS

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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