People with autism commonly experience psychosocial and systemic risk factors that increase their vulnerability for developing internalizing and externalizing disorders, self-criticism, and shame-based difficulties. Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) is a relatively new talking therapy, informed by a theoretical evolutionary model that categorizes emotions into threat, drive, and soothing systems. CFT aims to reduce self-condemnation and judgment and enhance capacity for self-kindness and compassion to and from others, and incorporates elements of other evidence-based therapies, including cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), schema therapy, and mindfulness-based approaches. This chapter provides an overview of theory underpinning CFT and the research evidence base, and it outlines mainstay therapeutic interventions and techniques. A case study is described, exemplifying therapy stages and autism-relevant adaptations.