The Role of Locomotory Ancestry on Secondarily Aquatic Transitions

Author:

Formoso Kiersten K12ORCID,Habib Michael B23ORCID,Vélez-Juarbe Jorge4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California , 3651 Trousedale Pkwy, Zumberge Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90089 , USA

2. Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County , 900 Exposition Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90007-4057 , USA

3. UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Division of Cardiology , 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA 90095 , USA

4. Department of Mammalogy, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County , 900 Exposition Blvd, Los Angelss, CA 90007-4057 , USA

Abstract

Synopsis Land-to-sea evolutionary transitions are great transformations where terrestrial amniote clades returned to aquatic environments. These secondarily aquatic amniote clades include charismatic marine mammal and marine reptile groups, as well as countless semi-aquatic forms that modified their terrestrial locomotor anatomy to varying degrees to be suited for swimming via axial and/or appendicular propulsion. The terrestrial ancestors of secondarily aquatic groups would have started off swimming strikingly differently from one another given their evolutionary histories, as inferred by the way modern terrestrial amniotes swim. With such stark locomotor functional differences between reptiles and mammals, we ask if this impacted these transitions. Axial propulsion appears favored by aquatic descendants of terrestrially sprawling quadrupedal reptiles, with exceptions. Appendicular propulsion is more prevalent across the aquatic descendants of ancestrally parasagittal-postured mammals, particularly early transitioning forms. Ancestral terrestrial anatomical differences that precede secondarily aquatic invasions between mammals and reptiles, as well as the distribution of axial and appendicular swimming in secondarily aquatic clades, may indicate that ancestral terrestrial locomotor anatomy played a role, potentially in both constraint and facilitation, in certain aquatic locomotion styles. This perspective of the land-to-sea transition can lead to new avenues of functional, biomechanical, and developmental study of secondarily aquatic transitions.

Funder

NSF

Geological Society of America

Paleontological Society

Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology

Evolving Earth Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science,Animal Science and Zoology

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