Identifying cortical structure markers of resilience to adversity in young people using surface-based morphometry

Author:

Cornwell Harriet1,Toschi Nicola23,Hamilton-Giachritsis Catherine1,Staginnus Marlene1,Smaragdi Areti4,Gonzalez-Madruga Karen5,Mackes Nuria6ORCID,Rogers Jack7,Martinelli Anne89,Kohls Gregor1011,Raschle Nora Maria1213,Konrad Kerstin1014,Stadler Christina12,Freitag Christine M8,De Brito Stephane A7,Fairchild Graeme1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychology, University of Bath , 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, UK

2. Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’ , Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Viale Montpellier, Rome 1 – 00133, Italy

3. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and Harvard Medical School , 149 13th Street Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA

4. Child Development Institute , 197 Euclid Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M6J 2J8, Canada

5. Department of Psychology, Middlesex University , The Burroughs, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK

6. Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London , De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK

7. Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

8. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University , Deutschordenstrasse 50, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany

9. Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, School of Psychology , Marienburgstrasse 6, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany

10. Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, Germany

11. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden 01307, Germany

12. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Basel, Psychiatric University Hospital , Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel 4002, Switzerland

13. Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich , Andreasstrasse 15, Zurich 8050, Switzerland

14. JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen and Research Centre Juelich , Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Juelich 52425, Germany

Abstract

Abstract Previous research on the neurobiological bases of resilience in youth has largely used categorical definitions of resilience and voxel-based morphometry methods that assess gray matter volume. However, it is important to consider brain structure more broadly as different cortical properties have distinct developmental trajectories. To address these limitations, we used surface-based morphometry and data-driven, continuous resilience scores to examine associations between resilience and cortical structure. Structural MRI data from 286 youths (Mage = 13.6 years, 51% female) who took part in the European multi-site FemNAT-CD study were pre-processed and analyzed using surface-based morphometry. Continuous resilience scores were derived for each participant based on adversity exposure and levels of psychopathology using the residual regression method. Vertex-wise analyses assessed for correlations between resilience scores and cortical thickness, surface area, gyrification and volume. Resilience scores were positively associated with right lateral occipital surface area and right superior frontal gyrification and negatively correlated with left inferior temporal surface area. Moreover, sex-by-resilience interactions were observed for gyrification in frontal and temporal regions. Our findings extend previous research by revealing that resilience is related to surface area and gyrification in frontal, occipital and temporal regions that are implicated in emotion regulation and face or object recognition.

Funder

Economic and Social Research Council

Medical Research Council

European Commission

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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