Metabolomic Analysis of the Desert Moss Syntrichia caninervis Provides Insights into Plant Dehydration and Rehydration Response

Author:

Yang Qilin12,Yang Ruirui12,Gao Bei13,Liang Yuqing13,Liu Xiujin13,Li Xiaoshuang134,Zhang Daoyuan134

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011, China

2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China

3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi, Beijing 830011, China

4. Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Turpan, Beijing 838008, China

Abstract

Abstract Desiccation-tolerant (DT) plants can survive extreme dehydration and tolerate the loss of up to 95% of their water content, making them ideal systems to determine the mechanism behind extreme drought stress and identify potential approaches for developing drought-tolerant crops. The desert moss Syntrichia caninervis is an emerging model for extreme desiccation tolerance that has benefited from high-throughput sequencing analyses, allowing identification of stress-tolerant genes; however, its metabolic response to desiccation is unknown. A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of S. caninervis at six dehydration–rehydration stages revealed 912 differentially abundant compounds, belonging to 93 metabolic classes. Many (256) metabolites accumulated during rehydration in S. caninervis, whereas only 71 accumulated during the dehydration period, in contrast to the pattern observed in vascular DT plants. During dehydration, nitrogenous amino acids (l-glutamic acid and cysteinylglycine), alkaloids (vinleurosine) and steroids (physalin D) accumulated, whereas glucose 6-phosphate decreased. During rehydration, γ-aminobutyric acid, glucose 6-phosphate and flavonoids (karanjin and aromadendrin) accumulated, as did the plant hormones 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (12-OPDA) and trans-zeatin riboside. The contents ofl-arginine, maltose, turanose, lactulose and sucrose remained high throughout dehydration–rehydration. Syntrichia caninervis thus accumulates antioxidants to scavenge reactive oxygen species, accumulating nitrogenous amino acids and cytoprotective metabolites and decreasing energy metabolism to enter a protective state from dehydration-induced damage. During subsequent rehydration, many metabolites rapidly accumulated to prevent oxidative stress and restore physiological activities while repairing cells, representing a more elaborate rehydration repair mechanism than vascular DT plants, with a faster and greater accumulation of metabolites. This metabolic kinetics analysis in S. caninervis deepens our understanding of its dehydration mechanisms and provides new insights into the different strategies of plant responses to dehydration and rehydration.

Funder

Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program

Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program

Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cell Biology,Plant Science,Physiology,General Medicine

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