Comparative studies of egg parasitoids of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Den. & Schiff.) in historic and expansion areas in France and Bulgaria

Author:

Georgiev Georgi1,Rousselet Jérôme2,Laparie Mathieu2,Robinet Christelle2,Georgieva Margarita1,Zaemdzhikova Gergana1,Roques Alain2,Bernard Alexis2,Poitou Laura2,Buradino Maurane3,Kerdelhue Carole4,Rossi Jean-Pierre4,Matova Maria1,Boyadzhiev Peter5,Mirchev Plamen1

Affiliation:

1. Forest Research Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria

2. L’Unité de Recherche de Zoologie Forestière (URZF), INRA, 45075 Orléans, France

3. Entomologie et Forêt Méditerranéenne (UEFM), INRA, UE 0348 Avignon, France

4. Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP), INRA, 1062 UMR Montpellier, France

5. Department of Zoology, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Abstract

Abstract To investigate enemy pressure across the range of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Den. & Schiff.) as it spreads northwards in Europe because of climate change, a survey of 206 egg batches from historical and newly colonized areas at both the westernmost and the easternmost ends of the front was carried out in 2016–2018. Out of them, 97 egg batches were collected from nine locations in three regions in France and 109 from four localities in two regions in Bulgaria, both within historical and newly colonized ranges of the pest. The average number of eggs per batch collected in Bulgaria (226.6 ± 43.2) was higher than that in France (194.3 ± 50.1). However, the hatching percentage was higher in French samples, varying from 69.8 to 95.7, vs 49.8 to 85.2 per cent in Bulgarian samples. Four primary parasitoids (Ooencyrtus pityocampae, Baryscapus servadeii, Anastatus bifasciatus, Trichogramma sp.) and a hyperparasitoid (Baryscapus transversalis, found only in two regions of the historical range in Bulgaria) were identified. The oligophagous species B. servadeii was present at all sites within the historical range of the pest. In newly colonized areas, the impact of primary parasitoids on the host was distinctly low, suggesting that they lag behind the range expansion of pine processionary moth. In France, the most abundant species in the T. pityocampa parasitoid complex were B. servadeii in Ré Island and Orléans (97.3 and 87.4 per cent, respectively), and Trichogramma sp. (99.7 per cent) in a newly colonized locality in Fréhel. Ooencyrtus pityocampae prevailed in three of four Bulgarian localities (72.1 per cent in Sandanski, 89.7 per cent in Maglizh and 65.7 per cent in Sladak kladenets), whereas B. servadeii was the most abundant in Gega (75.4 per cent). Mortality of B. servadeii and O. pityocampae caused by the hyperparasitoid B. transversalis amounted to 4.8–6.2 per cent. The impact of predators on the pine processionary moth in the egg stage was negligible at most sites, reaching 12.5 per cent in only one site (Maglizh).

Funder

Bulgarian National Science Fund

French Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs

French Ministry of Higher Education and Research

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Forestry

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