1. Marien Ngouabi University, B.P. 69, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
2. Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B.P. 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun
3. Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science of the University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Cameroon
4. Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK