Analysis of Cocaine and Its Metabolites in Urine after Consumption of Coca Tea by Five Subjects and Subsequent Hair Testing

Author:

Feisthauer Emilie1ORCID,Ameline Alice1ORCID,Gheddar Laurie1ORCID,Arbouche Nadia1,Raul Jean-Sébastien1,Kintz Pascal12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institut de Médecine Légale, Strasbourg, France

2. X-Pertise Consulting, Mittelhausbergen, France

Abstract

Abstract Coca tea is a popular drink in some countries of South America where it is reputed to have medicinal properties. This preparation is composed of natural cocaine (COC) alkaloids and therefore can be banned in some countries. During an anti-doping control in Peru, the urine of an athlete was tested positive for benzoylecgonine (BZE), ecgonine methyl ester (EME) and COC (400, 180 and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively). The athlete indicated that she had consumed coca tea in the morning before the competition. As her lawyer contacted us to assess the scientific aspects of the possible involvement of coca tea to explain the adverse analytical finding, a study was implemented with similar tea bags. Five volunteers from the laboratory consumed 250 mL of coca tea containing approximately 3.8 mg of COC. Eleven urine specimens were collected for each subject for 3 days to follow the elimination of COC and metabolites (BZE and EME). All samples were analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS (Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography - tandem mass spectrometer) after alkaline extraction. Maximum detection times for COC was 20 h, with concentrations ranging from 6 to 91 ng/mL. Maximum detection times for BZE and EME were 70 h and 60 h, respectively, with concentrations ranging from 6 to 3,730 ng/mL and from 6 to 1,738 ng/mL. The concentration profiles were identical for the five volunteers. This study supports the athlete’s claims. In addition, the sample of hair strands of the five subjects was collected a month later and all the hair tests showed a negative result for COC with a limit of decision of 10 pg/mg. Although it is accepted that a 4-mg dose of COC has no significant pharmacological effect, the consummation of coca tea can lead to significant legal consequences since the measured urine concentrations sometimes cannot be considered incidental. Therefore, discrimination between coca tea consummation and recreational COC abuse relies primarily on hair analysis.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Chemical Health and Safety,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Toxicology,Environmental Chemistry,Analytical Chemistry

Reference22 articles.

1. Cocaine in herbal tea;Siegel;Journal of the American Medical Association,1986

2. Identification and quantification of alkaloids in coca tea;Jenkins;Forensic Science International,1996

3. Pharmacological criteria that can affect the detection of doping agents in hair;Kintz;Forensic Science International,2000

4. Coca tea consumption causes positive urine cocaine assay;Mazor;European Journal of Emergency Medicine,2006

5. Urinary excretion of benzoylecgonine following ingestion of health inca tea;Jackson;Forensic Science International,1991

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