Affiliation:
1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2. Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan 250300, China
3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract
Abstract
Multi-electron reaction can be regarded as an effective way of building high-energy systems (>500 W h kg−1). However, some confusions hinder the development of multi-electron mechanisms, such as clear concept, complex reaction, material design and electrolyte optimization and full-cell fabrication. Therefore, this review discusses the basic theories and application bottlenecks of multi-electron mechanisms from the view of thermodynamic and dynamic principles. In future, high-energy batteries, metal anodes and multi-electron cathodes are promising electrode materials with high theoretical capacity and high output voltage. While the primary issue for the multi-electron transfer process is sluggish kinetics, which may be caused by multiple ionic migration, large ionic radius, high reaction energy barrier, low electron conductivity, poor structural stability, etc., it is urgent that feasible and versatile modification methods are summarized and new inspiration proposed in order to break through kinetic constraints. Finally, the remaining challenges and future research directions are revealed in detail, involving the search for high-energy systems, compatibility of full cells, cost control, etc.
Funder
National Key Research and Development Program of China
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Beijing Outstanding Young Scientists Program
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Cited by
30 articles.
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