Differentiating between the possibility and probability of SARS-CoV-2 transmission associated with wastewater: empirical evidence is needed to substantiate risk

Author:

Ahmed Warish1ORCID,Bibby Kyle2ORCID,D'Aoust Patrick M3ORCID,Delatolla Robert3,Gerba Charles P4,Haas Charles N5,Hamilton Kerry A6,Hewitt Joanne7,Julian Timothy R8,Kaya Devrim9,Monis Paul10,Moulin Laurent11,Naughton Colleen12,Noble Rachel T13,Shrestha Abhilasha14,Tiwari Ananda15,Simpson Stuart L16,Wurtzer Sebastien11,Bivins Aaron2

Affiliation:

1. CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, QLD 4102, Australia

2. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA

3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

4. Department of Environmental Science, Water and Energy Sustainable Technology Center, University of Arizona, 2959 W. Calle Agua Nueva, Tucson, AZ 85745, USA

5. Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

6. School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment and the Biodesign Institute Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA

7. Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd (ESR), Porirua, 5240, New Zealand

8. Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland

9. School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 105 SW 26th St #116, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA

10. South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, Australia

11. Eau de Paris R&D Laboratory. 33 Av. Jean Jaures 94200 Ivry/seine, France

12. University of California Merced Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 5200 N, Lake Rd. Merced, CA 95343, USA

13. University of North Carolina Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC, USA

14. Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

15. Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Expert Microbiology Unit, Kuopio, Finland

16. CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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