Hydro-bio-geo-socio-chemical interactions and the sustainability of residential landscapes

Author:

Groffman Peter M1ORCID,Suchy Amanda K2ORCID,Locke Dexter H3ORCID,Johnston Robert J4ORCID,Newburn David A5ORCID,Gold Arthur J6ORCID,Band Lawrence E7,Duncan Jonathan8,Grove J Morgan3,Kao-Kniffin Jenny9ORCID,Meltzer Hallee10ORCID,Ndebele Tom4ORCID,O’Neil-Dunne Jarlath11,Polsky Colin12,Thompson Grant L13,Wang Haoluan14ORCID,Zawojska Ewa15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, City University of NewYork , New York, NY 10031, USA

2. Institute for Great Lakes Research and Biology Department, Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant, MI 48858 , USA

3. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Baltimore Field Station , Baltimore, MD 21228 , USA

4. George Perkins Marsh Institute, Clark University , Worcester, MA 01610 , USA

5. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Maryland, College Park , MD 20742 , USA

6. Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, RI 02881 , USA

7. Department of Environmental Science, and Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA 22904 , USA

8. Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park , PA 16802 , USA

9. School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14850, USA

10. NOAA National Sea Grant Office , Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA

11. Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT 05405, USA

12. Center for Environmental Studies, Florida Atlantic University , Davie, FL 33314, USA

13. Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University , Ames, IA 50011 , USA

14. Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of Miami , Coral Gables, FL 33146 , USA

15. Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw , Warsaw, 00-241 , Poland

Abstract

Abstract Residential landscapes are essential to the sustainability of large areas of the United States. However, spatial and temporal variation across multiple domains complicates developing policies to balance these systems’ environmental, economic, and equity dimensions. We conducted multidisciplinary studies in the Baltimore, MD, USA, metropolitan area to identify locations (hotspots) or times (hot moments) with a disproportionate influence on nitrogen export, a widespread environmental concern. Results showed high variation in the inherent vulnerability/sensitivity of individual parcels to cause environmental damage and in the knowledge and practices of individual managers. To the extent that hotspots are the result of management choices by homeowners, there are straightforward approaches to improve outcomes, e.g. fertilizer restrictions and incentives to reduce fertilizer use. If, however, hotspots arise from the configuration and inherent characteristics of parcels and neighborhoods, efforts to improve outcomes may involve more intensive and complex interventions, such as conversion to alternative ecosystem types.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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