Is seasonal flowering time of Paphiopedilum species caused by differences in initial time of floral bud differentiation?

Author:

Feng Jing-Qiu12,Xia Qian13,Zhang Feng-Ping4,Wang Ji-Hua5,Zhang Shi-Bao1

Affiliation:

1. Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China

2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

3. School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China

4. College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China

5. Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China

Abstract

Abstract Members of the genus Paphiopedilum are world-famous for their large, colourful flowers, unique floral morphology and long floral lifespan. Most Paphiopedilum species bloom in spring or autumn. The control of flowering time is of great significance to the commercial production of floral crops, because it affects the sales and prices of flowers. However, the mechanism that regulates when Paphiopedilum species bloom is unclear. In the present study, floral bud initiation and development of P. micranthum (spring-flowering species with one flower per stalk), P. dianthum (autumn-flowering species with multiple flowers per stalk) and P. henryanum (autumn-flowering species with one flower per stalk) were investigated by morphological and anatomical methods. We divided Paphiopedilum floral bud differentiation into six phases: the initiation of differentiation, inflorescence primordium differentiation, flower primordium differentiation, sepal primordium differentiation, petal primordium differentiation and column primordium differentiation. We found that the timing of floral bud differentiation for the three species was synchronized when experiencing the same environment, while the period from initiation to flowering largely differed. In addition, initiation of floral bud differentiation in P. dianthum was earlier at a warmer environment. The difference in flowering time of three species was mainly caused by the duration of floral bud development, rather than the initiation time. The findings were of great significance for the cultivation and flowering regulation of Paphiopedilum species.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Applied Basic Research Plan of Yunnan Province

Innovation Team of Yunnan Province

Construction of International Flower Technology Innovation Center and Achievement Industrialization

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science

Reference48 articles.

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