Uptake of Cadmium, Copper, Iron, Manganese, and Zinc in Mushrooms (Boletaceae) from Croatian Forest Soil

Abstract

Abstract The concentration of trace elements (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) was measured in different species of mushrooms (Boletaceae) and correlated with corresponding elements in soil. Five different species of Boletaceae mushrooms and soil samples were collected from forests of Varaždin county in Croatia. Trace elements were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry in mushrooms and in EDTA-extracted soil. The results showed that Cd, Cu, and Zn are concentrated in mushroom tissue from soil with transfer factors (mushroom/soil) of 27.0, 10.5, and 12.5, respectively. Cadmium incorporated much less in Leccinum (mean 0.73 mg/kg dry weight) than in Boletus, Xerocomus, or Gyroporus (respective means, 6.8, 8.4, and 12.3 mg/kg). Copper and Zn were accumulated in all collected mushrooms (14.7–35.6 and 109–179 mg/kg, respectively) with no difference among species. There was no accumulation of Fe and Mn in mushrooms, but concentrations differed between species, with lowest values in Leccinum. Iron varied from 31 to 878 mg/kg and Mn from 2.9 to 409 mg/kg. Correlations between elements in mushrooms and soil were significant only for Mn. Because no significant correlations for Cd, Cu, Zn, and Fe between mushrooms and soil were found, more studies are needed with only one species of mushrooms collected at locations with different levels of soil contamination. In spite of higher concentrations of Cd in some Boletaceae species, it is assumed that Cd intake through moderate mushroom consumption remains below suggested Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (FAO/WHO).