The novel 2024 WHO <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> reference strains for global quality assurance of laboratory investigations and superseded WHO <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> reference strains—phenotypic, genetic and reference genome characterization-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

The novel 2024 WHO Neisseria gonorrhoeae reference strains for global quality assurance of laboratory investigations and superseded WHO N. gonorrhoeae reference strains—phenotypic, genetic and reference genome characterization

Published:2024-06-21 Issue:8 Volume:79 Page:1885-1899
ISSN:0305-7453
Container-title:Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Unemo Magnus¹²^ORCID,Sánchez-Busó Leonor³⁴,Golparian Daniel¹,Jacobsson Susanne¹,Shimuta Ken⁵,Lan Pham Thi⁶,Eyre David W⁷⁸,Cole Michelle⁹,Maatouk Ismael¹⁰^ORCID,Wi Teodora¹⁰,Lahra Monica M¹¹¹²

Affiliation:

1. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, National Reference Laboratory for STIs, Microbiology, Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden

2. Institute for Global Health, University College London (UCL) , London , UK

3. Joint Research Unit ‘Infection and Public Health’, FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio) , Valencia , Spain

4. CIBERESP, ISCIII , Madrid , Spain

5. Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo , Japan

6. Hanoi Medical University, National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology , Hanoi , Vietnam

7. Big Data Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK

8. Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK

9. UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) , London , UK

10. Department of the Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, WHO , Geneva , Switzerland

11. WHO Collaborating Centre for Sexually Transmitted Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, New South Wales Health Pathology, Microbiology , Randwick, NSW , Australia

12. Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia

Abstract

Abstract Objectives MDR and XDR Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains remain major public health concerns internationally, and quality-assured global gonococcal antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance is imperative. The WHO global Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (GASP) and WHO Enhanced GASP (EGASP), including metadata and WGS, are expanding internationally. We present the phenotypic, genetic and reference genome characteristics of the 2024 WHO gonococcal reference strains (n = 15) for quality assurance worldwide. All superseded WHO gonococcal reference strains (n = 14) were identically characterized. Material and Methods The 2024 WHO reference strains include 11 of the 2016 WHO reference strains, which were further characterized, and four novel strains. The superseded WHO reference strains include 11 WHO reference strains previously unpublished. All strains were characterized phenotypically and genomically (single-molecule PacBio or Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing). Results The 2024 WHO reference strains represent all available susceptible and resistant phenotypes and genotypes for antimicrobials currently and previously used (n = 22), or considered for future use (n = 3) in gonorrhoea treatment. The novel WHO strains include internationally spreading ceftriaxone resistance, ceftriaxone resistance due to new penA mutations, ceftriaxone plus high-level azithromycin resistance and azithromycin resistance due to mosaic MtrRCDE efflux pump. AMR, serogroup, prolyliminopeptidase, genetic AMR determinants, plasmid types, molecular epidemiological types and reference genome characteristics are presented for all strains. Conclusions The 2024 WHO gonococcal reference strains are recommended for internal and external quality assurance in laboratory examinations, especially in the WHO GASP, EGASP and other GASPs, but also in phenotypic and molecular diagnostics, AMR prediction, pharmacodynamics, epidemiology, research and as complete reference genomes in WGS analysis.

Funder

WHO

Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Link

https://academic.oup.com/jac/article-pdf/79/8/1885/58688981/dkae176.pdf

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