1. Adult Nursing, Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
2. Department of Nursing, Cardiac Center, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center , 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
3. School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , No.1 Jen Ai road section 1, Taipei 100, Taiwan , Republic of China