1. University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
2. Center for Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida/Ascension Sacred Heart, Pensacola, Florida, USA
4. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
5. Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, Iowa, USA