1. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Data Science to Patient Value Initiative, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA
2. Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison , Madison, Wisconsin, USA
3. Open Health Solutions Department, The MITRE Corporation , Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
4. University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland, USA
5. Westat Inc, Center for Healthcare Delivery Research and Evaluation , Rockville, Maryland, USA
6. Outcomes Research Network, Research Institute, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, Illinois, USA
7. Center for Health Informatics and Evidence Synthesis, RTI International , Chicago, Illinois, USA
8. Office of Health Informatics/Clinical Informatics and Data Management Organization, Veteran’s Affairs , Fayetteville, North Carolina, USA
9. Center for Evidence and Practice Improvement, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality , Rockville, Maryland, USA