1. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA
2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois, USA
3. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA
4. Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO, USA
5. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Data Science to Patient Value Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA