Gold nanoclusters conjugated berberine reduce inflammation and alleviate neuronal apoptosis by mediating M2 polarization for spinal cord injury repair

Author:

Zhou Zipeng12,Li Dan3,Fan Xiangyi4,Yuan Yajiang2,Wang Hongyu2,Wang Dahao2,Mei Xifan25

Affiliation:

1. Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

2. Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China

3. Department of Basic Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China

4. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China

5. Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China

Abstract

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to nerve cell apoptosis and loss of motor function. Herein, excessive activation of the M1 phenotype macrophages/microglia is found to be the main reason for the poor prognosis of SCI, but the selective activation phenotype (M2) macrophages/microglia facilitates the recovery of SCI. Thereafter, we used gold nanoclusters loaded berberine (BRB-AuNCs) to reduce inflammation by inhibiting the activation of M1 phenotype macrophages/microglia, which simultaneously inhibited neuronal apoptosis after SCI. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that BRB-AuNCs reduced M1 protein marker CD86, increased M2 protein marker CD206, reduced inflammation and apoptotic cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, Cleaved Caspase-3, Bax). These results indicate that BRB-AuNCs have excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects by inducing the polarization of macrophages/microglia from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype. Thereafter, the motor functions of SCI rats were significantly improved after treatment with BRB-AuNCs. This work not only provides a new way for the treatment of SCI but also broadens BRB utilization strategies.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Biomaterials

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