The Longitudinal Associations of Perceived Neighborhood Disorder and Lack of Social Cohesion With Depression Among Adults Aged 50 Years or Older: An Individual-Participant-Data Meta-Analysis From 16 High-Income Countries

Author:

Baranyi Gergő1,Sieber Stefan2,Cullati Stéphane23,Pearce Jamie R1,Dibben Chris J L1,Courvoisier Delphine S3

Affiliation:

1. Center for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

2. Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research “LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives,” Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

3. Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Abstract

AbstractAlthough residential environment might be an important predictor of depression among older adults, systematic reviews point to a lack of longitudinal investigations, and the generalizability of the findings is limited to a few countries. We used longitudinal data collected between 2012 and 2017 in 3 surveys including 15 European countries and the United States and comprising 32,531 adults aged 50 years or older. The risk of depression according to perceived neighborhood disorder and lack of social cohesion was estimated using 2-stage individual-participant-data meta-analysis; country-specific parameters were analyzed by meta-regression. We conducted additional analyses on retired individuals. Neighborhood disorder (odds ratio (OR) = 1.25) and lack of social cohesion (OR = 1.76) were significantly associated with depression in the fully adjusted models. In retirement, the risk of depression was even higher (neighborhood disorder: OR = 1.35; lack of social cohesion: OR = 1.93). Heterogeneity across countries was low and was significantly reduced by the addition of country-level data on income inequality and population density. Perceived neighborhood problems increased the overall risk of depression among adults aged 50 years or older. Policies, especially in countries with stronger links between neighborhood and depression, should focus on improving the physical environment and supporting social ties in communities, which can reduce depression and contribute to healthy aging.

Funder

Horizon 2020

Swiss National Science Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Epidemiology

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