1. National Pharmaceutical Council. Pain: Current understanding of assessment, management, and treatments. Section IV: Management of acute pain and chronic noncancer pain. Available at: http://www.npcnow.org/system/files/research/download/Pain-Current-Understanding-of-Assessment-Management-and-Treatments.pdf (accessed March 3, 2016).
2. An updated overview of clinical guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care
3. Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Chronic Opioid Therapy in Chronic Noncancer Pain
4. American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) guidelines for responsible opioid prescribing in chronic non-cancer pain: Part 2–guidance;Manchikanti;Pain Physician,2012
5. IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics. Medicine use and shifting costs of healthcare: A review of the use of medicines in the United States in 2013. Available at: http://www.imshealth.com/cds/imshealth/Global/Content/Corporate/IMS%20 Health%20Institute/Reports/Secure/IIHI_US_Use_of_Meds_for_2013.pdf (accessed October 20, 2014).