1. Center for Value-Based Care Research, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio , USA
2. Department of Infectious Disease, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio , USA
3. Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
4. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
5. Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio , USA
6. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio , USA
7. Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio , USA
8. Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School–Baystate , Springfield, Massachusetts , USA
9. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Massachusetts Medical School–Baystate , Springfield, Massachusetts , USA
10. EviMed Research Group, LLC , Goshen, Massachusetts , USA
11. Institute for Healthcare Delivery and Population Science and Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School–Baystate , Springfield, Massachusetts , USA