Validation of a Method for Arsenic Speciation in Food by Ion Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry After Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction

Abstract

Abstract A fully validated and rapid quantitative method is presented for determination of inorganic arsenic [arsenite, As(III) and arsenate, As(V)] and organic arsenic species (methylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, and arsenobetaine) by ion chromatography paired with inductively coupled plasma/MS after ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) in rice- and seafood-based raw materials and finished products. This method gives toxicological meaning to arsenic analysis, since the sum of the toxic chemical forms As(III) and As(V) can be determined. In contrast to classical water–methanol extraction, UAEE enables drastic acceleration of sample extraction (5 min instead of several hours), while total arsenic extraction efficiency is improved without species conversion. Validation was performed to evaluate the method for selectivity, linearity, LOD/LOQ (0.007–0.020 mg/kg), trueness, precision (HorRat values, 0.2–0.6), recovery (93–122%), and uncertainty. The method was also satisfactorily tested using two proficiency tests. Performance characteristics are reported for four certified reference materials, standard reference material (SRM) 1568a (rice flour), Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements 804 (rice flour), SRM 2976 (mussel tissue), certified reference material-627 (tuna fish), and several commercial food samples populating five AOAC triangle food sectors. The results indicated that this speciation method is cost-efficient, time-saving, and accurate, as well as fit-for-purpose, according to International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission 17025:2005 standard, and could be used for routine analysis.