Characteristics and outcomes of an international cohort of 600 000 hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Author:

Kartsonaki Christiana1ORCID,Baillie J Kenneth23,Barrio Noelia García4,Baruch Joaquín5,Beane Abigail6,Blumberg Lucille7ORCID,Bozza Fernando8,Broadley Tessa9,Burrell Aidan9,Carson Gail5,Citarella Barbara Wanjiru5,Dagens Andrew5,Dankwa Emmanuelle A10,Donnelly Christl A1011,Dunning Jake5,Elotmani Loubna12,Escher Martina5,Farshait Nataly13,Goffard Jean-Christophe14,Gonçalves Bronner P5,Hall Matthew15,Hashmi Madiha16,Sim Lim Heng Benedict17,Ho Antonia18ORCID,Jassat Waasila7,Pedrera Jiménez Miguel4,Laouenan Cedric1920,Lissauer Samantha21,Martin-Loeches Ignacio22,Mentré France1920,Merson Laura523,Morton Ben24ORCID,Munblit Daniel2526ORCID,Nekliudov Nikita A27,Nichol Alistair D28,Singh Oinam Budha Charan29,Ong David30,Panda Prasan Kumar29,Petrovic Michele13,Pritchard Mark G5,Ramakrishnan Nagarajan31,Ramos Grazielle Viana8,Roger Claire12,Sandulescu Oana3233,Semple Malcolm G3435,Sharma Pratima36,Sigfrid Louise5,Somers Emily C36,Streinu-Cercel Anca32,Taccone Fabio14,Vecham Pavan Kumar31,Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan Bharath3738,Wei Jia15,Wils Evert-Jan30,Ci Wong Xin39,Horby Peter5ORCID,Rojek Amanda54041,Olliaro Piero L5,Abbas Ali,Abdukahil Sheryl Ann,Abdulkadir Nurul Najmee,Abe Ryuzo,Abel Laurent,Absil Lara,Acharya Subhash,Acker Andrew,Adam Elisabeth,Adrião Diana,Al Ageel Saleh,Ahmed Shakeel,Ainscough Kate,Airlangga Eka,Aisa Tharwat,Hssain Ali Ait,Tamlihat Younes Ait,Akimoto Takako,Akmal Ernita,Al Qasim Eman,Alalqam Razi,Alberti Angela,Al-dabbous Tala,Alegesan Senthilkumar,Alegre Cynthia,Alessi Marta,Alex Beatrice,Alexandre Kévin,Al-Fares Abdulrahman,Alfoudri Huda,Ali Imran,Ali Adam,Shah Naseem Ali,Alidjnou Kazali Enagnon,Aliudin Jeffrey,Alkhafajee Qabas,Allavena Clotilde,Allou Nathalie,Altaf Aneela,Alves João,Alves Rita,Alves João Melo,Amaral Maria,Amira Nur,Ampaw Phoebe,Andini Roberto,Andréjak Claire,Angheben Andrea,Angoulvant François,Ansart Séverine,Anthonidass Sivanesen,Antonelli Massimo,de Brito Carlos Alexandre Antunes,Apriyana Ardiyan,Arabi Yaseen,Aragao Irene,Arancibia Francisco,Araujo Carolline,Arcadipane Antonio,Archambault Patrick,Arenz Lukas,Arlet Jean-Benoît,Arnold-Day Christel,Arora Lovkesh,Arora Rakesh,Artaud-Macari Elise,Aryal Diptesh,Asensio Angel,Ashraf Muhammad,Asif Namra,Asim Mohammad,Assie Jean Baptiste,Asyraf Amirul,Atique Anika,Attanyake A M Udara Lakshan,Auchabie Johann,Aumaitre Hugues,Auvet Adrien,Azemar Laurène,Azoulay Cecile,Bach Benjamin,Bachelet Delphine,Badr Claudine,Baig Nadia,Baird J Kevin,Bak Erica,Bakakos Agamemnon,Bakar Nazreen Abu,Bal Andriy,Balakrishnan Mohanaprasanth,Balan Valeria,Bani-Sadr Firouzé,Barbalho Renata,Barbosa Nicholas Yuri,Barclay Wendy S,Barnett Saef Umar,Barnikel Michaela,Barrasa Helena,Barrelet Audrey,Barrigoto Cleide,Bartoli Marie,Bashir Mustehan,Basmaci Romain,Basri Muhammad Fadhli Hassin,Battaglini Denise,Bauer Jules,Rincon Diego Fernando Bautista,Dow Denisse Bazan,Bedossa Alexandra,Bee Ker Hong,Begum Husna,Behilill Sylvie,Beishuizen Albertus,Beljantsev Aleksandr,Bellemare David,Beltrame Anna,Beltrão Beatriz Amorim,Beluze Marine,Benech Nicolas,Benjiman Lionel Eric,Benkerrou Dehbia,Bennett Suzanne,Bento Luís,Berdal Jan-Erik,Bergeaud Delphine,Bergin Hazel,Sobrino José Luis Bernal,Bertoli Giulia,Bertolino Lorenzo,Bessis Simon,Bevilcaqua Sybille,Bezulier Karine,Bhatt Amar,Bhavsar Krishna,Bianco Claudia,Bidin Farah Nadiah,Singh Moirangthem Bikram,Humaid Felwa Bin,Kamarudin Mohd Nazlin Bin,Bissuel François,Biston Patrick,Bitker Laurent,Bitton Jonathan,Blanco-Schweizer Pablo,Blier Catherine,Bloos Frank,Blot Mathieu,Boccia Filomena,Bodenes Laetitia,Bogaarts Alice,Bogaert Debby,Boivin Anne-Hélène,Bolze Pierre-Adrien,Bompart François,Bonfasius Aurelius,Borges Diogo,Borie Raphaël,Bosse Hans Martin,Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth,Bouadma Lila,Bouchaud Olivier,Bouchez Sabelline,Bouhmani Dounia,Bouhour Damien,Bouiller Kévin,Bouillet Laurence,Bouisse Camile,Boureau Anne-Sophie,Bourke John,Bouscambert Maude,Bousquet Aurore,Bouziotis Jason,Boxma Bianca,Boyer-Besseyre Marielle,Boylan Maria,Braconnier Axelle,Braga Cynthia,Brandenburger Timo,Monteiro Filipa Brás,Brazzi Luca,Breen Patrick,Breen Dorothy,Breen Patrick,Brickell Kathy,Browne Shaunagh,Browne Alex,Brozzi Nicolas,Brusse-Keizer Marjolein,Buchtele Nina,Buesaquillo Christian,Bugaeva Polina,Buisson Marielle,Buonsenso Danilo,Burhan Erlina,Bustos Ingrid G,Butnaru Denis,Cabie André,Cabral Susana,Caceres Eder,Cadoz Cyril,Callahan Mia,Calligy Kate,Calvache Jose Andres,Camões João,Campana Valentine,Campbell Paul,Campisi Josie,Canepa Cecilia,Cantero Mireia,Caraux-Paz Pauline,Cárcel Sheila,Cardellino Chiara Simona,Cardoso Sofia,Cardoso Filipe,Cardoso Filipa,Cardoso Nelson,Carelli Simone,Carlier Nicolas,Carmoi Thierry,Carney Gayle,Carqueja Inês,Carret Marie-Christine,Carrier François Martin,Carroll Ida,Casanova Maire-Laure,Cascão Mariana,Casey Siobhan,Casimiro José,Cassandra Bailey,Castañeda Silvia,Castanheira Nidyanara,Castor-Alexandre Guylaine,Castrillón Henry,Castro Ivo,Catarino Ana,Catherine François-Xavier,Cattaneo Paolo,Cavalin Roberta,Cavalli Giulio Giovanni,Cavayas Alexandros,Ceccato Adrian,Cervantes-Gonzalez Minerva,Chair Anissa,Chakveatze Catherine,Chan Adrienne,Chand Meera,Auger Christelle Chantalat,Chapplain Jean-Marc,Chas Julie,Chatterjee Allegra,Chaudry Mobin,Iñiguez Jonathan Samuel Chávez,Chen Anjellica,Chen Yih-Sharng,Cheng Matthew Pellan,Cheret Antoine,Chiarabini Thibault,Chica Julian,Chidambaram Suresh Kumar,Tho Leong Chin,Chirouze Catherine,Chiumello Davide,Cho Sung-Min,Cholley Bernard,Chopin Marie-Charlotte,Chow Ting Soo,Chow Yock Ping,Chua Hiu Jian,Chua Jonathan,Cidade Jose Pedro,Herreros José Miguel Cisneros,Ciullo Anna,Clarke Jennifer,Clarke Emma,Granado Rolando Claure-Del,Clohisey Sara,Cobb Perren J,Codan Cassidy,Cody Caitriona,Coelho Alexandra,Coles Megan,Colin Gwenhaël,Collins Michael,Colombo Sebastiano Maria,Combs Pamela,Connor Marie,Conrad Anne,Contreras Sofía,Conway Elaine,Cooke Graham S,Copland Mary,Cordel Hugues,Corley Amanda,Cornelis Sabine,Cornet Alexander Daniel,Corpuz Arianne Joy,Cortegiani Andrea,Corvaisier Grégory,Costigan Emma,Couffignal Camille,Couffin-Cadiergues Sandrine,Courtois Roxane,Cousse Stéphanie,Cregan Rachel,D'Orleans Charles Crepy,Cristella Cosimo,Croonen Sabine,Crowl Gloria,Crump Jonathan,Cruz Claudina,Berm Juan Luis Cruz,Rojo Jaime Cruz,Csete Marc,Cullen Ailbhe,Cummings Matthew,Curley Gerard,Curlier Elodie,Curran Colleen,Custodio Paula,Filipe Ana da Silva,Da Silveira Charlene,Dabaliz Al-Awwab,Dahly Darren,Dalton Heidi,Dalton Jo,Daly Seamus,Daneman Nick,Daniel Corinne,Dantas Jorge,D'Aragon Frédérick,de Jong Menno,de Loughry Gillian,de Mendoza Diego,De Montmollin Etienne,de Oliveira França Rafael Freitas,de Pinho Oliveira Ana Isabel,De Rosa Rosanna,De Rose Cristina,de Silva Thushan,de Vries Peter,Deacon Jillian,Dean David,Debard Alexa,Debray Marie-Pierre,DeCastro Nathalie,Dechert William,Deconninck Lauren,Decours Romain,Defous Eve,Delacroix Isabelle,Delaveuve Eric,Delavigne Karen,Delfos Nathalie M,Deligiannis Ionna,Dell'Amore Andrea,Delmas Christelle,Delobel Pierre,Delsing Corine,Demonchy Elisa,Denis Emmanuelle,Deplanque Dominique,Depuydt Pieter,Desai Mehul,Descamps Diane,Desvallées Mathilde,Dewayanti Santi,Dhanger Pathik,Diallo Alpha,Diamantis Sylvain,Dias André,Diaz Juan Jose,Diaz Priscila,Diaz Rodrigo,Didier Kévin,Diehl Jean-Luc,Dieperink Wim,Dimet Jérôme,Dinot Vincent,Diop Fara,Diouf Alphonsine,Dishon Yael,Djossou Félix,Docherty Annemarie B,Doherty Helen,Dondorp Arjen M,Dong Andy,Donnelly Maria,Donohue Sean,Donohue Yoann,Donohue Chloe,Doran Peter,Dorival Céline,D'Ortenzio Eric,Douglas James Joshua,Douma Renee,Dournon Nathalie,Downer Triona,Downey Joanne,Downing Mark,Drake Tom,Driscoll Aoife,Dryden Murray,Dryden Murray,Fonseca Claudio Duarte,Dubee Vincent,Dubos François,Ducancelle Alexandre,Duculan Toni,Dudman Susanne,Duggal Abhijit,Dunand Paul,Duplaix Mathilde,Durante-Mangoni Emanuele,Durham Lucian,Dussol Bertrand,Duthoit Juliette,Duval Xavier,Dyrhol-Riise Anne Margarita,Ean Sim Choon,Echeverria-Villalobos Marco,Egan Siobhan,Eira Carla,El Sanharawi Mohammed,Elapavaluru Subbarao,Elharrar Brigitte,Ellerbroek Jacobien,Eloy Philippine,Elshazly Tarek,Elyazar Iqbal,Enderle Isabelle,Endo Tomoyuki,Eng Chan Chee,Engelmann Ilka,Enouf Vincent,Epaulard Olivier,Esperatti Mariano,Esperou Hélène,Esposito-Farese Marina,Estevão João,Etienne Manuel,Ettalhaoui Nadia,Everding Anna Greti,Evers Mirjam,Fabre Marc,Fabre Isabelle,Faheem Amna,Fahy Arabella,Fairfield Cameron J,Fakar Zul,Fareed Komal,Faria Pedro,Farooq Ahmed,Fateena Hanan,Fatoni Arie Zainul,Faure Karine,Favory Raphaël,Fayed Mohamed,Feely Niamh,Feeney Laura,Fernandes Jorge,Fernandes Marília Andreia,Fernandes Susana,Ferrand François-Xavier,Devouge Eglantine Ferrand,Ferrão Joana,Ferraz Mário,Ferreira Sílvia,Ferreira Isabel,Ferreira Benigno,Ferrer-Roca Ricard,Ferriere Nicolas,Ficko Céline,Figueiredo-Mello Claudia,Finlayson William,Fiorda Juan,Flament Thomas,Flateau Clara,Fletcher Tom,Florio Letizia Lucia,Flynn Deirdre,Foley Claire,Foley Jean,Fomin Victor,Fonseca Tatiana,Fontela Patricia,Forsyth Simon,Foster Denise,Foti Giuseppe,Fourn Erwan,Fowler Robert A,Fraher Marianne,Franch-Llasat Diego,Fraser John F,Fraser Christophe,Freire Marcela Vieira,Ribeiro Ana Freitas,Friedrich Caren,Fritz Ricardo,Fry Stéphanie,Fuentes Nora,Fukuda Masahiro,Argin G,Gaborieau Valérie,Gaci Rostane,Gagliardi Massimo,Gagnard Jean-Charles,Gagneux-Brunon Amandine,Gaião Sérgio,Skeie Linda Gail,Gallagher Phil,Gamble Carrol,Gani Yasmin,Garan Arthur,Garcia Rebekha,Garcia-Diaz Julia,Garcia-Gallo Esteban,Garimella Navya,Garot Denis,Garrait Valérie,Gauli Basanta,Gault Nathalie,Gavin Aisling,Gavrylov Anatoliy,Gaymard Alexandre,Gebauer Johannes,Geraud Eva,Morlaes Louis Gerbaud,Germano Nuno,ghisulal praveen kumar,Ghosn Jade,Giani Marco,Gibson Jess,Gigante Tristan,Gilg Morgane,Gilroy Elaine,Giordano Guillermo,Girvan Michelle,Gissot Valérie,Glikman Daniel,Glybochko Petr,Gnall Eric,Goco Geraldine,Goehringer François,Goepel Siri,Goh Jin Yi,Golob Jonathan,Gomes Rui,Gomez Kyle,Gómez-Junyent Joan,Gominet Marie,Gonzalez Alicia,Gordon Patricia,Gorenne Isabelle,Goubert Laure,Goujard Cécile,Goulenok Tiphaine,Grable Margarite,Graf Jeronimo,Grandin Edward Wilson,Granier Pascal,Grasselli Giacomo,Green Christopher A,Greene Courtney,Greenhalf William,Greffe Segolène,Grieco Domenico Luca,Griffee Matthew,Griffiths Fiona,Grigoras Ioana,Groenendijk Albert,Lordemann Anja Grosse,Gruner Heidi,Gu Yusing,Guedj Jérémie,Guego Martin,Guellec Dewi,Guerguerian Anne-Marie,Guerreiro Daniela,Guery Romain,Guillaumot Anne,Guilleminault Laurent,de Castro Maisa Guimarães,Guimard Thomas,Haalboom Marieke,Haber Daniel,Habraken Hannah,Hachemi Ali,Hackmann Amy,Hadri Nadir,Haidri Fakhir,Hakak Sheeba,Hall Adam,Halpin Sophie,Hameed Jawad,Hamer Ansley,Hamers Raph L,Hamidfar Rebecca,Hammond Terese,Han Lim Yuen,Haniffa Rashan,Hao Kok Wei,Hardwick Hayley,Harrison Ewen M,Harrison Janet,Harrison Samuel Bernard Ekow,Hartman Alan,Hasan Mohd Shahnaz,Hashmi Junaid,Hayat Muhammad,Hayes Ailbhe,Hays Leanne,Heerman Jan,Heggelund Lars,Hendry Ross,Hennessy Martina,Henriquez-Trujillo Aquiles,Hentzien Maxime,Hernandez-Montfort Jaime,Hershey Andrew,Hesstvedt Liv,Hidayah Astarini,Higgins Eibhilin,Higgins Dawn,Higgins Rupert,Hinchion Rita,Hinton Samuel,Hiraiwa Hiroaki,Hirkani Haider,Hitoto Hikombo,Ho Yi Bin,Hoctin Alexandre,Hoffmann Isabelle,Hoh Wei Han,Hoiting Oscar,Holt Rebecca,Holter Jan Cato,Horcajada Juan Pablo,Hoshino Koji,Houas Ikram,Hough Catherine L,Houltham Stuart,Hsu Jimmy Ming-Yang,Hulot Jean-Sébastien,Huo Stella,Hurd Abby,Hussain Iqbal,Ijaz Samreen,Illes Hajnal-Gabriela,Imbert Patrick,Imran Mohammad,Sikander Rana Imran,Imtiaz Aftab,Inácio Hugo,Dominguez Carmen Infante,Ing Yun Sii,Iosifidis Elias,Ippolito Mariachiara,Isgett Sarah,Isidoro Tiago,Ismail Nadiah,Isnard Margaux,Itai Junji,Ivulich Daniel,Jaafar Danielle,Jaafoura Salma,Jabot Julien,Jackson Clare,Jamieson Nina,Janes Victoria,Jaquet Pierre,Jaud-Fischer Coline,Jaureguiberry Stéphane,Javidfar Jeffrey,Jaworsky Denise,Jego Florence,Jelani Anilawati Mat,Jenum Synne,Jimbo-Sotomayor Ruth,Joe Ong Yiaw,García Ruth N Jorge,Joseph Cédric,Joseph Mark,Joshi Swosti,Jourdain Mercé,Jouvet Philippe,Jung Hanna,Jung Anna,Juzar Dafsah,Kafif Ouifiya,Kaguelidou Florentia,Kaisbain Neerusha,Kaleesvran Thavamany,Kali Sabina,Kalicinska Alina,Kalomoiri Smaragdi,Kamaluddin Muhammad Aisar Ayadi,Kamaruddin Zul Amali Che,Kamarudin Nadiah,Kambiya Paul,Kamineni Kavita,Kandamby Darshana Hewa,Kandel Chris,Kang Kong Yeow,Kanwal Darakhshan,Karpayah Pratap,Karsies Todd,Kasugai Daisuke,Kataria Anant,Katz Kevin,Kaur Aasmine,Kay Christy,Keane Hannah,Keating Seán,Kedia Pulak,Kelly Claire,Kelly Yvelynne,Kelly Andrea,Kelly Niamh,Kelly Aoife,Kelly Sadie,Kelsey Maeve,Kennedy Ryan,Kennon Kalynn,Kernan Maeve,Kerroumi Younes,Keshav Sharma,Khalid Imrana,Khalid Osama,Khalil Antoine,Khan Coralie,Khan Irfan,Khan Quratul Ain,Khanal Sushil,Khatak Abid,Khawaja Amin,Kherajani Krish,Kho Michelle E,Khoo Saye,Khoo Ryan,Khoo Denisa,Khoso Nasir,Kiat Khor How,Kida Yuri,Kiiza Peter,Granerud Beathe Kiland,Kildal Anders Benjamin,Kim Jae Burm,Kimmoun Antoine,Kindgen-Milles Detlef,King Alexander,Kitamura Nobuya,Klenerman Paul,Klont Rob,Bekken Gry Kloumann,Knight Stephen R,Kobbe Robin,Kodippily Chamira,Vasconcelos Malte Kohns,Koirala Sabin,Komatsu Mamoru,Kosgei Caroline,Kpangon Arsène,Krawczyk Karolina,Krishnan Vinothini,Krishnan Sudhir,Kruglova Oksana,Kumar Deepali,Kumar Ganesh,Kumar Mukesh,Kuriakose Dinesh,Kurtzman Ethan,Kutsogiannis Demetrios,Kutsyna Galyna,Kyriakoulis Konstantinos,Lachatre Marie,Lacoste Marie,Laffey John G,Lagrange Marie,Laine Fabrice,Lairez Olivier,Lakhey Sanjay,Lalueza Antonio,Lambert Marc,Lamontagne François,Langelot-Richard Marie,Langlois Vincent,Lantang Eka Yudha,Lanza Marina,Laouénan Cédric,Laribi Samira,Lariviere Delphine,Lasry Stéphane,Lath Sakshi,Latif Naveed,Launay Odile,Laureillard Didier,Lavie-Badie Yoan,Law Andy,Lawrence Teresa,Lawrence Cassie,Le Minh,Bihan Clément Le,Bris Cyril Le,Falher Georges Le,Fevre Lucie Le,Hingrat Quentin Le,Maréchal Marion Le,Mestre Soizic Le,Moal Gwenaël Le,Moing Vincent Le,Nagard Hervé Le,Turnier Paul Le,Leal Ema,Santos Marta Leal,Lee Todd C,Lee James,Lee Jennifer,Lee Heng Gee,Lee Biing Horng,Lee Yi Lin,Lee Su Hwan,Leeming Gary,Lefebvre Laurent,Lefebvre Bénédicte,Lefevre Benjamin,LeGac Sylvie,Lelievre Jean-Daniel,Lellouche François,Lemaignen Adrien,Lemee Véronique,Lemeur Anthony,Lemmink Gretchen,Lene Ha Sha,Lennon Jenny,León Rafael,Leone Marc,Leone Michela,Lepiller Quentin,Lescure François-Xavier,Lesens Olivier,Lesouhaitier Mathieu,Lester-Grant Amy,Levy Bruno,Levy Yves,Levy-Marchal Claire,Lewandowska Katarzyna,L'Her Erwan,Bassi Gianluigi Li,Liang Janet,Liaquat Ali,Liegeon Geoffrey,Lim Wei Shen,Lim Kah Chuan,Lima Chantre,Lina Lim,Lina Bruno,Lind Andreas,Lingad Maja Katherine,Lingas Guillaume,Lion-Daolio Sylvie,Liu Keibun,Livrozet Marine,Lizotte Patricia,Loforte Antonio,Lolong Navy,Loon Leong Chee,Lopes Diogo,Lopez-Colon Dalia,Lopez-Revilla Jose W,Loschner Anthony L,Loubet Paul,Loufti Bouchra,Louis Guillame,Lourenco Silvia,Lovelace-Macon Lara,Low Lee Lee,Lowik Marije,Loy Jia Shyi,Lucet Jean Christophe,Bermejo Carlos Lumbreras,Luna Carlos M,Lungu Olguta,Luong Liem,Luque Nestor,Luton Dominique,Lwin Nilar,Lyons Ruth,Maasikas Olavi,Mabiala Oryane,Machado Moïse,Macheda Gabriel,Madiha Hashmi,de la Calle Guillermo Maestro,Mahieu Rafael,Mahy Sophie,Maia Ana Raquel,Maier Lars S,Maillet Mylène,Maitre Thomas,Malfertheiner Maximilian,Malik Nadia,Mallon Paddy,Maltez Fernando,Malvy Denis,Manda Victoria,Mandelbrot Laurent,Manetta Frank,Mankikian Julie,Manning Edmund,Manuel Aldric,Malaque Ceila Maria Sant′Ana,Marino Flávio,Marino Daniel,Markowicz Samuel,Eid Charbel Maroun,Marques Ana,Marquis Catherine,Marsh Brian,Marsh Laura,Marshal Megan,Marshall John,Martelli Celina Turchi,Martin Dori-Ann,Martin Emily,Martin-Blondel Guillaume,Martinot Martin,Martin-Quiros Alejandro,Martins João,Martins Ana,Martins Nuno,Rego Caroline Martins,Martucci Gennaro,Martynenko Olga,Marwali Eva Miranda,Marzukie Marsilla,Maslove David,Mason Sabina,Masood Sobia,Nor Basri Mat,Matan Moshe,Mathew Meghena,Mathieu Daniel,Mattei Mathieu,Matulevics Romans,Maulin Laurence,Maxwell Michael,Maynar Javier,Mazzoni Thierry,Evoy Natalie Mc,Sweeney Lisa Mc,McArthur Colin,McArthur Colin,McCarthy Anne,McCarthy Aine,McCloskey Colin,McConnochie Rachael,McDermott Sherry,McDonald Sarah E,McElroy Aine,McElwee Samuel,McEneany Victoria,McGeer Allison,McKay Chris,McKeown Johnny,McLean Kenneth A,McNally Paul,McNicholas Bairbre,McPartlan Elaine,Meaney Edel,Mear-Passard Cécile,Mechlin Maggie,Meher Maqsood,Mehkri Omar,Mele Ferruccio,Melo Luis,Memon Kashif,Mendes Joao Joao,Menkiti Ogechukwu,Menon Kusum,Mentzer Alexander J,Mercier Emmanuelle,Mercier Noémie,Merckx Antoine,Mergeay-Fabre Mayka,Mergler Blake,Mesquita António,Meta Roberta,Metwally Osama,Meybeck Agnès,Meyer Dan,Meynert Alison M,Meysonnier Vanina,Meziane Amina,Mezidi Mehdi,Michelanglei Céline,Michelet Isabelle,Mihelis Efstathia,Mihnovit Vladislav,Miranda-Maldonado Hugo,Misnan Nor Arisah,Mohamed Tahira Jamal,Mohamed Nik Nur Eliza,Moin Asma,Molina David,Molinos Elena,Molloy Brenda,Mone Mary,Monteiro Agostinho,Montes Claudia,Montrucchio Giorgia,Moore Shona C,Moore Sarah,Cely Lina Morales,Moro Lucia,Motherway Catherine,Motos Ana,Mouquet Hugo,Perrot Clara Mouton,Moyet Julien,Mudara Caroline,Mufti Aisha Kalsoom,Muh Ng Yong,Muhamad Dzawani,Mullaert Jimmy,Müller Fredrik,Müller Karl Erik,Muneeb Syed,Munir Nadeem,Munshi Laveena,Murphy Aisling,Murphy Lorna,Murphy Aisling,Murris Marlène,Murthy Srinivas,Musaab Himed,Muvindi Himasha,Muyandy Gugapriyaa,Myrodia Dimitra Melia,Mohd-Hanafiah Farah Nadia,Nagpal Dave,Nagrebetsky Alex,Narasimhan Mangala,Narayanan Nageswaran,Khan Rashid Nasim,Nazerali-Maitland Alasdair,Neant Nadège,Neb Holger,Nelwan Erni,Neto Raul,Neumann Emily,Ng Pauline Yeung,Ng Wing Yiu,Nghi Anthony,Nguyen Duc,Choileain Orna Ni,Leathlobhair Niamh Ni,Nitayavardhana Prompak,Nonas Stephanie,Noordin Nurul Amani Mohd,Noret Marion,Norharizam Nurul Faten Izzati,Norman Lisa,Notari Alessandra,Noursadeghi Mahdad,Nowicka Karolina,Nowinski Adam,Nseir Saad,Nunez Jose I,Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih,Nusantara Dwi Utomo,Nyamankolly Elsa,Brien Fionnuala O,Callaghan Annmarie O,O'Callaghan Annmarie,Occhipinti Giovanna,OConnor Derbrenn,O'Donnell Max,Ogston Tawnya,Ogura Takayuki,Oh Tak-Hyuk,O'Halloran Sophie,O'Hearn Katie,Ohshimo Shinichiro,Oldakowska Agnieszka,Oliveira João,Oliveira Larissa,Ong Jee Yan,Oosthuyzen Wilna,Opavsky Anne,Openshaw Peter,Orakzai Saijad,Orozco-Chamorro Claudia Milena,Ortoleva Jamel,Osatnik Javier,O'Shea Linda,O'Sullivan Miriam,Othman Siti Zubaidah,Ouamara Nadia,Ouissa Rachida,Oziol Eric,Pagadoy Maïder,Pages Justine,Palacios Mario,Palacios Amanda,Palmarini Massimo,Panarello Giovanna,Paneru Hem,Pang Lai Hui,Panigada Mauro,Pansu Nathalie,Papadopoulos Aurélie,Parke Rachael,Parker Melissa,Parra Briseida,Pasha Taha,Pasquier 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Affiliation:

1. Medical Research Council (MRC) Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trials Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK

2. Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK

3. Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK

4. Hospital 12 de Octubre , Madrid, Spain

5. International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) Global Support Centre, Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK

6. Critical Care Asia , Bangkok, Thailand

7. National Institute for Communicable Diseases , Johannesburg, South Africa

8. National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI-FIOCRUZ), Ministry of Health, and D'Or Institute of Research and Education (IDOR) , Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Brazil

9. Monash University , Clayton, Melbourne, Australia

10. Department of Statistics, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK

11. MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London , London, UK

12. CHU Caremeau , Nîmes, France

13. Humber River Hospital , Toronto, Canada

14. Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles (CUB) Hopital Erasme , Anderlecht, Belgium

15. Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK

16. Critical Care Asia and Ziauddin University , Karachi, Pakistan

17. Hospital Sungai Buloh, Ministry of Health , Sungai Buloh, Malaysia

18. Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK Department of Infectious Diseases, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital , Glasgow, UK

19. Un , Paris, France

20. iversité de Paris, France, Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME), INSERM , Paris, France

21. Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust , Blantyre, Malawi

22. St James's Hospital , Dublin, Ireland

23. Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK

24. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Liverpool, UK

25. Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child’s Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) , Moscow, Russia

26. Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London , London, UK

27. Sechenov University , Moscow, Russia

28. Irish Critical Care Critical Clinical Trials Network , Dublin, Ireland

29. All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , Rishikesh, India

30. Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland , Rotterdam, Netherlands

31. Apollo Hospitals Chennai , Chennai, India

32. Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest, Romania

33. National Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘Prof. Dr. Matei Bals’ , Bucharest, Romania

34. Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, UK

35. UK Respiratory Medicine, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust , Liverpool, UK

36. University of Michigan Schools of Medicine & Public Health , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

37. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Hospitals , Chennai, India

38. The George Institute for Global Health , New Delhi, India

39. National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health , Shah Alam, Malaysia

40. Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne, Australia

41. Centre for Integrated Critical Care, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia

Abstract

Abstract Background We describe demographic features, treatments and clinical outcomes in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 cohort, one of the world's largest international, standardized data sets concerning hospitalized patients. Methods The data set analysed includes COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2022 in 52 countries. We investigated how symptoms on admission, co-morbidities, risk factors and treatments varied by age, sex and other characteristics. We used Cox regression models to investigate associations between demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities and other factors with risk of death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Results Data were available for 689 572 patients with laboratory-confirmed (91.1%) or clinically diagnosed (8.9%) SARS-CoV-2 infection from 52 countries. Age [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 years 1.49 (95% CI 1.48, 1.49)] and male sex [1.23 (1.21, 1.24)] were associated with a higher risk of death. Rates of admission to an ICU and use of IMV increased with age up to age 60 years then dropped. Symptoms, co-morbidities and treatments varied by age and had varied associations with clinical outcomes. The case-fatality ratio varied by country partly due to differences in the clinical characteristics of recruited patients and was on average 21.5%. Conclusions Age was the strongest determinant of risk of death, with a ∼30-fold difference between the oldest and youngest groups; each of the co-morbidities included was associated with up to an almost 2-fold increase in risk. Smoking and obesity were also associated with a higher risk of death. The size of our international database and the standardized data collection method make this study a comprehensive international description of COVID-19 clinical features. Our findings may inform strategies that involve prioritization of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who have a higher risk of death.

Funder

Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office

Wellcome

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Medical Research Council Clinical Research Training

University of Oxford’s COVID-19 Research Response Fund

CIHR Coronavirus Rapid Research Funding Opportunity

Canada by Sunnybrook Research Institute

Irish Critical Care—Clinical Trials Group

Irish Critical Care—Clinical Trials Network

University College Dublin

Health Research Board of Ireland

Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research

European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases

Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre

Groote Schuur Hospital Covid ICU Team

Research Council of Norway

NIHR

Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking

European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme

Medical Research Council

NIHR Health Protection Research Unit

Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

General Medicine,Epidemiology

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