Pest Management Needs and Limitations for Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an Emergent Key Pest of Hemp in the United States

Author:

Britt Kadie E12ORCID,Kuhar Thomas P3ORCID,Cranshaw Whitney4,McCullough Christopher T5,Taylor Sally V6,Arends Benjamin R7,Burrack Hannah8,Pulkoski Melissa8,Owens David9,Tolosa Tigist A10,Zebelo Simon10,Kesheimer Katelyn A11,Ajayi Olufemi S12,Samuel-Foo Michelle12ORCID,Davis Jeffrey A13,Arey Nathan13,Doughty Hélène14,Jones Joanne15,Bolt Marguerite1617,Fritz Bradley J18,Grant Jerome F19,Cosner Julian19,Schreiner Melissa4

Affiliation:

1. Department of Entomology, University of California – Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA

2. Department of Entomology, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 9240 S. Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA

3. Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 170 Drillfield Drive, 220 Price Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA

4. Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA

5. Department of Entomology, Washington State University Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA

6. Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Suffolk, VA, 23437, USA

7. AgBiTech LLC, Fort Worth, TX 76155, USA

8. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7634, Raleigh, NC 27695-7634, USA

9. Cooperative Extension, University of Delaware Carvel Research and Education Center, Georgetown, DE 19947, USA

10. Department of Agriculture Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA

11. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA

12. Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA

13. Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 404 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA

14. Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA 23420, USA

15. Virginia Cooperative Extension, Charlotte County, Charlotte Court House, VA 23923, USA

16. Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

17. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

18. Certis USA, LLC, Columbia, MD 21046, USA

19. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA

Abstract

Abstract Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has emerged as an injurious insect pest to hemp, Cannabis sativa L., a crop newly reintroduced to the United States. Growing hemp presents a potential alternative economic opportunity for farmers but can be challenging with a market that is unstable and just developing. One of the most notable production challenges is managing corn earworm, an insect pest that is particularly damaging when it feeds on flower buds produced in cannabinoid varieties, creating extensive bud tunneling and wounds that allow entry of pathogens that can aid development and presence of bud rot. Damage to seeds is of lesser concern in hemp cultivars grown for grain and minimal risk is associated with hemp grown for fiber. Our ability to research hemp has only recently been allowed as production was largely suspended following World War II and, as such, there has been limited opportunity to develop information for empirically-based pest management recommendations. Further complicating development of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are regulatory challenges associated with providing registration support to add hemp to pesticide labels, as it was not formally recognized as a crop by U.S. regulatory agencies until late 2019. Research needs and challenges to develop effective IPM programs for corn earworm on hemp are discussed here.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Insect Science,Plant Science,Agronomy and Crop Science

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