Recreational Drug Use and Distress From Hallucinations in the General Dutch Population

Author:

van der Weijden-Germann Monique1,Brederoo Sanne G1,Linszen Mascha M J23,Sommer Iris E C123

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) , Groningen , The Netherlands

2. Department of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus , , Utrecht , The Netherlands

3. University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU) , , Utrecht , The Netherlands

Abstract

AbstractBackground and HypothesisDistress associated with auditory (AH) and visual (VH) hallucinations in the general population was found to be predictive of later need for mental healthcare. It is, therefore, important to understand factors relating to the distress individuals experience from their hallucinations. Hallucinations can easily occur under substance-induced states, but recreational drug use is also known as a self-medication strategy. The current study, therefore, investigated whether recreational drug use by individuals from the general population is associated with the degree of distress experienced from AH and/or VH.Study DesignDrug use and distress severity associated with AH (N = 3.041) and/or VH (N = 2.218) were assessed by means of an online survey in the general Dutch population (>14 years of age).Study ResultsMultiple linear regression revealed that while past month consumption of alcohol was associated with less AH- and VH-related distress, past month cannabis use was associated with more AH- and VH-related distress. Furthermore, past month use of nitrous oxide was associated with more severe VH-related distress.ConclusionRecreational use of alcohol, cannabis, and nitrous oxide may play important differential roles in the degree of distress associated with AH and VH in individuals from the general population. The consumption of these substances could form a potential risk factor for the development of distressing hallucinations or function as a signal marker for their occurrence. Due to the cross-sectional design of the current study, the causal relation between recreational drug use and distressing hallucinations remains to be elucidated.

Funder

ZonMw Mental Health

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health

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