APPLICATION OF TIME-AVERAGED AND INTEGRAL-BASED MEASURE FOR MEASUREMENT RESULTS VARIABILITY REDUCTION IN GSM/DCS/UMTS SYSTEMS
Author:
Šuka Darko1ORCID,
Pejović Predrag2,
Simić-Pejović Mirjana2
Affiliation:
1. University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
Abstract
Abstract
Since EMF levels from wireless telecommunication networks are non-stationary and exhibit large temporal variations, the use of continuous measurements during extended periods (preferably 24 h or longer) with a data-logging system is required. Because of the short-term variations of E field, the 6-min measurements and 6-min averaged results to obtain the mean level strength at a given place appear to be dependent on the time of measurements during the day. This paper presents a new (integral-based) measure to evaluate electromagnetic exposure. The new measure is a pure physical descriptor of the amount of exposed energy density (a parameter accumulated from instantaneous power density values in time). To confirm previous observations, continuous measurements with personal exposure metre were recorded 24 h a day for two weeks at every location in urban area, 14 different locations in total. Additionally, to check temporal variations and repeatability of exposure assessment, a week of prolonged measurements was taken 6 months later, making in total three weeks of measurements at 2 locations. Day-to-day repeatability of RF-EMF exposure was analysed through the time-averaged and integral-based measure. The analysis is based on approximately 5.1 million data samples (1.7 million for each band). The ratio between the maximum and minimum instantaneous (maximum and minimum 6-min averaged) E field values during the day could reach up to 25 dB (20 dB). Therefore, great variability in the results may occur. By applying the 24 h time-averaged and integral-based measure on a 24 h data set of measurements, the variability of daily exposure could stay within ±20% of the week mean level obtained either with the time-averaged or integral-based measure. Both, the time-averaged E field and integral-based power density exposures of the general public in all locations were found to be well below the general public exposure limits of the ICNIRP guidelines.
Funder
University of East Sarajevo
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Ministry of Science and Technology
East New Sarajevo and East Ilidža
East Sarajevo City
Higher Education and Information Society and Page
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging,General Medicine,Radiation,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Reference136 articles.
1. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz);International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP);Health Phys.,1998
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