Recent trends of characteristics and treatments in adults with newly diagnosed brain metastases

Abstract

Abstract Objective We aimed to evaluate recent trends in characteristics and treatments among patients with brain metastases in clinical practice. Methods All newly diagnosed patients with brain metastases during 2016–2021 at a single cancer center were enrolled. We collected the detailed features of each patient and estimated the number of candidates considered to meet the following criteria used in common clinical trials: Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70 and mutated non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer or melanoma. The brain metastases treatments were classified as follows: (i) stereotactic radiosurgery, (ii) stereotactic radiosurgery and systemic therapy, (iii) whole-brain radiotherapy, (iv) whole-brain radiotherapy and systemic therapy, (v) surgery, (vi) immune checkpoint inhibitor or targeted therapy, (vii) cytotoxic agents and (ix) palliative care. Overall survival and intracranial progression-free survival were estimated from brain metastases diagnosis to death or intracranial progression. Results A total of 800 brain metastases patients were analyzed; 597 (74.6%) underwent radiotherapy, and 422 (52.7%) underwent systemic therapy. In addition, 250 (31.3%) patients were considered candidates for common clinical trials. Compared to 2016, the later years tended to shift from whole-brain radiotherapy to stereotactic radiosurgery (whole-brain radiotherapy: 35.7–29.1% and stereotactic radiosurgery: 33.4–42.8%) and from cytotoxic agents to immune checkpoint inhibitor/targeted therapy (cytotoxic agents: 10.1–5.0 and immune checkpoint inhibitor/targeted therapy: 7.8–10.9%). There was also an increase in the proportion of systemic therapy combined with radiation therapy (from 26.4 to 36.5%). The median overall survival and progression-free survival were 12.7 and 5.3 months, respectively. Conclusions This study revealed the diversity of brain metastases patient characteristics, recent changes in treatment selection and the percentage of candidates in clinical trials.