Evaluating antiretroviral therapy–induced insulin resistance syndrome using the homeostasis model assessment method: an important global clarion call for concern among people living with HIV-disease

Abstract

Abstract Background Antiretroviral treatment advances have been accompanied by a new spectrum of adverse drug reactions that affect metabolism and body composition. Purpose This review was principally designed to focus on how to comprehensively evaluate for the occurrence of antiretroviral therapy-induced insulin resistance syndrome with associated impaired glucose metabolism disorder(s) among people living with HIV disease. Data sources and materials During the course of this present study, original peer-reviewed articles reported in English language that investigated antiretroviral therapy-induced insulin resistance were identified by exploring the Medline-Entrez-PubMed search, Web of Science database, Google Scholar search, and Science Direct database online facilities. Also, information was sourced from printed textbooks and the reports documented by some recognized medically inclined and health professional bodies. These published materials containing documented reports relating to the subject matter of focus in this review were accessed and adequately referenced. This study spanned for 12-month duration from March 2023 to February 2024. Study selection and manuscript preparation with limitations A total number of 92 published articles were reviewed, out of which 55 referenced articles were found to contain information pertinent to this present study; while those parts of the referenced articles inapt to this study were neglected. Antiretroviral therapy-induced insulin resistance syndrome can be broadly classified into mild, moderate, and severe categories; based on the severity grading reviews of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index values. Conclusion The clinical assessment of antiretroviral therapy-induced insulin resistance syndrome should be given utmost importance in HIV-disease individuals with considerably high-risk factor(s) for its occurrence.