Affiliation:
1. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture , Makurdi, Benue State , Nigeria
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines confer protection for ~2 months, hence the need for a booster dose. The inefficiency of the vaccines may be attributed to mutated amino acids leading to changes in the structure and function of immunogenetic viral particles. Therefore, literature search was carried out with a view to identifying problems of CoV-2 vaccine long term inefficiency, using missensed amino acids of the immunogens.
Methods
Narrative review of six different COVID-19 vaccines administered at different centres to a total population of 98 979 individuals aged ≥18–95 years was adopted. The number of individuals that came down with infection postvaccination, vaccine dose administered, recorded mortality, postvaccinated infection-free individuals, immunogenicity status, missense mutation, incidence, probability and quality of mutation among amino acids sequences of the vaccinated viral particles were determined.
Key findings
Findings have shown that some live-attenuated vaccines such as BBIBP-CorV, WBIP, ChAdOxnCoV and Ad26.CoV2.5 are efficacious but could induce mortal infection and mutation of amino acids such as aspartic acid, glycine, cysteine, aspartate, tyrosine, phenylalanine, threonine, serine, alanine, methionine, leucine and lysine.
Conclusion
Mutation of some specific amino acids could be responsible for the severe pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 and vaccine failure. Modalities that regulate the synthesis of nucleobases and amino acids could be used to avert vaccine failure and improves the immunogenicity of the vaccines.
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Reference172 articles.
1. COVID-19 pandemic and the stethoscope;Marinella,2020
2. Clinical stitches of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: potential drugs to treat COVID-19;D’Acquarica,2020
3. Comparing COVID-19 vaccine allocation strategies in India: a mathematical modeling study;Foy,2021
4. Therapeutic drugs for SARS-CoV-2 treatment: current state and perspective;Bolarin,2021
5. Infection or a fluid dose of mRNA vaccine elicits neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in kidney transplant recipients;Charmetant,2022