The epidemiology of breast cancer measures the occurrence of the disease and trends in various populations. Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Most risk factors have a modest effect, but lifestyle changes could reduce the risk of breast cancer, and we can also better identify women at greater risk who are candidates for more aggressive prevention and early detection strategies. The absence of an organized health system is a barrier to ensuring that women get the best advice about risk and prevention and identifying those at high risk early to offer tailored prevention and screening. Radiologists can play a greater role in breast care, through support and communication with referring practices, and to insure more complete risk assessment and education for their patients.