The development of optimal visual function is important for the future quality of life. Early recognition of morphological abnormalities, such as cataracts, allow for early intervention and a reduction in long-term impairment. There is a period of sensitivity, during which it is important that a clear image is presented to the retina. If treatment is not undertaken in a timely fashion, it can lead to permanent amblyopia. Apart from the newborn and 6–8-week examinations, the only recommended routine examination of the eyes should take place at 4–5 years of age. This should only be undertaken by properly trained individuals with appropriate equipment.