This chapter draws on a range of studies of macaque and humans to forge
an anatomical scheme for the control of gaze. At each stage, this
scheme is used to predict effects of focal lesions on the control of
gaze, with video examples. Contributions include the abducens nucleus,
medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), and paramedian pontine reticular
formation (PPRF) to horizontal gaze; the rostral interstitial nucleus
of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (RIMLF), interstitial nucleus of
Cajal, and posterior commissure to vertical gaze; cerebellar
flocculus, paraflocculus, dorsal vermis, fastigial nucleus, and
inferior olive to adaptive optimization of gaze. Cortical control of
gaze by structures including primary visual cortex (V1), middle
temporal visual area (MT, V5), medial superior temporal visual area
(MST), posterior parietal cortex, frontal eye fields, supplementary
eye fields, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex,
descending pathways, thalamus, pulvinar, caudate, substantia nigra
pars reticulata, subthalamic nucleus, and superior colliculus are each
discussed.