Author:
Singer Harvey S.,Augustine Farhan
Abstract
AbstractTourette syndrome (TS) is a complex disorder characterized by the presence of persistent, fluctuating motor and vocal tics and the coexistence of neuropsychological difficulties. The pathobiology of TS involves the complex and integrated cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits. This chapter systematically analyzes the involvement in TS of all the neurotransmitter systems relevant to CSTC circuits. A major role for dopamine continues to be the most consistently observed neurotransmitter change in this condition. Of the various dopaminergic hypotheses proposed, an alteration of the tonic-phasic neurotransmitter release system appears most viable. However, it remains highly likely that TS patients exhibit dysfunction in several neurotransmitter systems, although new evidence is warranted to better understand the dysfunction of non-dopaminergic systems, particularly serotonergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic ones.
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