Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) takes a heavy toll on patients, and negatively affects hospitals themselves, both financially and psychologically. Proven technical approaches to prevent infection have often faltered because of the failure of hospital staff to adopt them. As the chapter explains, the book focuses on these adaptive problems, particularly as experienced during efforts to combat catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). It provides a step-by-step description of a model quality improvement intervention, explaining why clinicians neglect or actively oppose such initiatives and how to change their minds. CAUTI has proven far more resistant to quality improvement efforts than VAP or CLABSI and thus serves as the primary model for intervention. The CAUTI intervention framework is also broadly applicable to a variety of other hospital issues including preventing falls and Clostridium difficile infection. The solutions presented grow out of the extensive research by the authors and their colleagues at the University of Michigan and VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System.