This resource is aimed at those interested in adult neurogenesis and stem cell biology of the adult brain, and covers the historical background and describes in detail adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus as well as the subventricular zone and olfactory bulb. It then discusses the regulatory mechanisms, and the subject of neurogenesis outside the "canonical" neurogenic regions of rodents and primates, as well as how adult neurogenesis in different species. It concludes with coverage of the provocative hypotheses that link failing adult neurogenesis with diseases such as temporal lobe epilepsy, major depression, schizophrenia, brain tumors, and dementias.