This chapter on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) explains how they are now the leading cause of death worldwide, and how their prevention, control, and treatment need to be built into our community health programme. It gives information about physical activity, alcohol moderation, tobacco cessation, and healthy eating, and for each topic uses WHO guidelines as the basis for the advice. The chapter suggests how to raise awareness in the community and ways to integrate the community response with existing services and government health programmes. It details five components for an effective NCD response at the community level—screening, promoting healthy behaviours, advocacy, disease-specific treatments, and interventions. It finishes with ways to monitor and evaluate the programme.