Author:
Prejean Rosemary,Kaye Alan D.
Abstract
Abstract
Parathyroid anatomy and physiology have enormous clinical implications. A concise review of general parathyroid anatomy, focusing on pertinent landmarks for identification, and specific details of physiological function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are presented in this chapter. Details of interactions between PTH, calcitonin from the thyroid gland, and dietary vitamin D that maintain calcium homeostasis in the body are discussed. Control of PTH release from the parathyroid glands by concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium in the blood are presented, with specific discussion on actions of PTH at the kidney and bone leading to an overall increase in serum calcium, decrease in serum phosphate, and activation of vitamin D. Appreciation of parathyroid anatomy and physiology is the basis for best practice management of surgical removal of the parathyroid glands or in pathophysiological states that alter parathyroid-related homeostasis, in particular calcium, phosphate, and magnesium levels.
Publisher
Oxford University PressNew York
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